21st Century
The Topic of First Week
TIME FRAME
OF PHILIPPINE LITERATURE
IN ENGLISH
CHARACTERIZED by legends, folk takes, epic, folk songs, epigrams, riddles, chants, maxims, proverbs or sayings, and sawikain.
PRE-SPANISH PERIOD: Pre – Spanish Literature
These showed and proved existence of a native culture.
PRE-SPANISH PERIOD: Pre – Spanish Literature
Some of these were passed on by word of mouth till they reached the hands of some publishers or printers who took interest in printing the manuscripts of the ancient Filipinos.
PRE-SPANISH PERIOD: Pre – Spanish Literature
Pre-Spanish- THE EPIC AGE
Biag ni Lam-ang – Iloco epic
Bidasari-Moro epic
Biag ni Lam-ang-Ilokano epic
Maragtas-Visayan epic
Haraya-Visayan epic
Lagda-Visayan epic
Pre-Spanish Literature: THE EPIC AGE
Hari sa Bukid-Visayan epic
Kumintang-Tagalog epic
Parang Sabir-Moro epic
“Dagoy” at “Sudsod”-Tagbanua epic
Tatuaang-Bagobo epic
Indarapatra at Sulayman
Pre-Spanish Literature: FOLK SONGS
Kumintang
Kumintang o Tagumpay
Ang Dalit o Imno
Pre- Spanish Literature: FOLK SONGS (2)
Ang Oyayi o Hele
Diana
Soliraning
Talindaw
Pre – Spanish Literature: OTHER FORMS OF LITERATURE
Legends
Folk tales
Folk songs
Epigram
Riddles
Chants
Maxims
Proverbs or Sayings
SPANISH PERIOD: INFLUENCE OF SPANISH TO PHILIPPINE LITERATURE
1. The ALIBATA was replaced by the Roman Alphabet.
2. The teaching of the Christian Doctrine became the basis of religious practices.
3. The Spanish language became the literary language and lent many of its words to the Philippine language.
SPANISH PERIOD: INFLUENCE OF SPANISH TO PHILIPPINE LITERATURE (2)
1. European legends and traditions became assimilated in our songs, corridos, and moro-moros.
2. Ancient literature was collected and translated to Tagalog and other dialects.
SPANISH PERIOD: INFLUENCE OF SPANISH TO PHILIPPINE LITERATURE (3)
1. Many grammar books were printed in Filipino, like Tagalog, Ilocano and Visayan
2. Our periodicals during these times gained a religious tone.
Spanish Period Literature: Books
-Ang Doctrina Cristiana (The Christian Doctrine)
-Nuestra Señora del Rosario
-Libro de los Cuatro Postprimeras de Hombre
-Ang Barlaan at Josephat (1st tagalog novel printed in the Philippines)
-The Pasion
-Urbana at Feliza
-Ang mga Dalit kay Maria
Spanish Period Literature: RECREATIONAL PLAYS
-Tibag
-Lagaylay
-Cenaculo
-Panunuluyan
Spanish Period Literature: RECREATIONAL PLAYS (2)
-Salubong
-Carillo (Shadow Play)
-Zarzuela
-Sainete
Spanish Period Literature: LITERARY COMPOSITIONS
-Arte y Reglas de la Lengua Tagala (Art and rules of the Tagalog language)
-Compendio de la Lengua Tagala (Understanding the Tagalog language)
-Vocabulario de la Lengua Tagala (Tagalog vocabulary)
-Vocabulario de la Lengua Pampanga (Pampanga vocabulary)
-Vocabulario de la Lengua Bisaya (Bisayan vocabulary)
-Arte de la Lengua Ilokana (The Art of the Ilocano language)
-Arte de la Lengua Bicolana (The Art of the Bicol language)
After 300 years of passivity under Spanish rule, the Filipino spirit reawakened when the 3 priests Gomez, Burgos and Zamora were guillotined without sufficient evidence of guilt. This occurred on the 17th of February. This was buttressed with the spirit of liberalism when the Philippines opened its doors to world trade and with the coming of a liberal leader in the person of Governor Carlos Maria de la Torre.
PERIOD
OF ENLIGHTENMENT
The Spaniards were unable to suppress the tide of rebellion among the Filipinos.
PERIOD
OF ENLIGHTENMENT
The once religious spirit transformed itself into one of nationalism and the Filipinos demanded changes in the government and in the church.
PERIOD
OF ENLIGHTENMENT
Filipinos did not get the reforms demanded by the propagandists. The government turned deaf ears to these petitions; oppression continued and the church and the government became even more oppressive to the Filipinos. The good intentions of Spain were reversed by the friars who were lording it over in the Philippines.
PERIOD OF ENLIGHTENMENT: THE PERIOD OF ACTIVE REVOLUTION
Not a few of the Filipinos affiliated with the La Liga Filipina (a civic organization suspected of being revolutionary and which triggered Rizal’s banishment to Dapitan). Like Andres Bonifacio, Emilio Jacinto, Apolinario Mabini, Jose Palma, and Pio Valenzuela decided that there was no other way except to revolt.
PERIOD OF ENLIGHTENMENT: THE PERIOD OF ACTIVE REVOLUTION
The gist of literature contained mostly accusations against the government and was meant to arouse the people to unite and to prepare for independence.
PERIOD OF ENLIGHTENMENT: THE PERIOD OF ACTIVE REVOLUTION
Jose P. Rizal
Marcelo H. del Pilar
Graciano Lopez Jaena
Antonio Luna
Mariano Ponce
Pedro Paterno
Jose Ma. Panganiban
Period of Enlightenment: WRITERS (Propaganda Movement)
Andres Bonifacio
Apolinario Mabini
Emilio Jacinto
Jose Palma
Period of Enlightenment: WRITERS (Active Revolution)
Noli Me Tangere
El Filibusterismo
Mi Ultimo Adios
La Solidaridad
Pag-ibig sa Tinubuang Lupa
Ang Fray Botod
Noche Buena
Mga Alamat ng Bulacan
Ninay
Ang Lupang Tinubuan
IMPORTANT WORKS: PROPAGANDA MOVEMENT- Period of Enlightenment
Ang Dapat Mabatid ng mga Tagalog
Kartilya ng Katipunan
The Philippine National Anthem
La Indipendencia
La Republica Filipina
La Libertad
Heraldo dela Revolucion
IMPORTANT WORKS (Active Revolution) - PERIOD OF ENLIGHTENMENT
The Filipino Revolutionists won against the Spaniards who colonized us for more than 300 years. Our flag was hoisted on June 12, 1898 as a symbol of our independence. Gen. Emilio Aguinaldo was elected the first President of the Philippine Republic but this was short-lived.
THE AMERICAN REGIME
The peace movements started as early as 1900. Many Filipinos started writing again and the nationalism of the people remained undaunted.
THE AMERICAN REGIME
Filipino writers went into all forms of literature like news, reporting, poetry, stories, plays, essays, and novels. Their writings clearly depicted their love of country and their longings for independence.
THE AMERICAN REGIME
Cecilio Apostol
Fernando Ma. Guerrero
Jesus Balmori
Manuel Bernabe
Claro M Recto
Adelina Guerrea
Isidro Marpori
Macario Adriatico
Epifania delos Santos
Pedri Aunario
Literatures from the American Regime — FILIPINO WRITERS (in Spanish)
El Nuevo Dia (The New Day)
El Grito del Pueblo (Call of the Nation)
El Renacimiento (The Rebirth)
NEWSPAPERS—Literatures from the American Regime
Kahapon, Ngayon at Bukas
Tanikalang Ginto
Malaya
Walang Sugat (Severino Reyes – Father of Filipino Drama)
PLAYS—Literatures from the American Regime
Lope K. Santos
Inigo Ed Regalado
Carlos Gatmaitan
Amado V. Hernandez
Nemecio Carabana
Mar Antonio
Literatures from the American Regime
(The Rise of Filipino/ Tagalog Literature)— POETRY – 3 KINDS OF TAGALOG POETS
POETS OF THE HEART (Makata ng Puso)
Lope K. Santos
Jose Corazon de Jesus
Florentino Collantes
Patricio Mariano
Carlos Gatmaitan
Amado V. Hernandez
Literatures from the American Regime
(The Rise of Filipino/ Tagalog Literature)— POETRY – 3 KINDS OF TAGALOG POETS POETS OF LIFE (Makata ng Buhay)
Aurelio Tolentino
Mariano Severino
Tomas Remigio
Literatures from the American Regime
(The Rise of Filipino/ Tagalog Literature)—POETRY – 3 KINDS OF TAGALOG POETS POETS OF THE STAGE (Makata ng Tanghalan)
Mga Kwentong Ginto
Kwentong Ginto ng 50 Batikang Kwentista
Parolang Ginto
Talaang Bughaw
Literatures from the American Regime
(The Rise of Filipino/ Tagalog Literature)—SHORT STORIES
Ninay
Anak ng Dagat (Patricio Mariano)
Bunganga ng Pating (Julian Cruz Balmaceda)
Literatures from the American Regime
(The Rise of Filipino/ Tagalog Literature)—NOVELS
Juan Crisostomo Soto (Father of Kapampangan Literature)
Aurelio Tolentino – translated Kahapon, Ngayon at Bukas (Napon, Ngeni at Bukas
Literatures from the American Regime
(Literatures from other Regions) —PAMPANGO LITERATURE
Edilberto Gumban (Father of Visayan Literature)
Magdalena Jalandoni - novelist; wrote Ang Tunuksan Isa Ca Bulaclac
Literatures from the American Regime
(Literatures from other Regions)—VISAYAN LITERATURE
Pedro Bukaneg (Father of Iloco Literature) – from his name was derived the world BUKANEGAN (Balagtasan), a poetic contest in ilocano.
Claro Caluya (Prince of Ilocano Poets
Leon Pichay – known as the best Bukanegero in the Ilocos region
Literatures from the American Regime
(Literatures from other Regions)—ILOCO LITERATURE