History (20th Century)
Booth and Rowntree
• Booth conducted research in London between 1886 and 1903
• He came to the conclusion that 30% of people in London lived in poverty
• Claimed people were in poverty if they earned less than 21 shillings per week
• Produced a collection of reports entitled 'Life and Labour if the People in London'
• His theories proved that poverty led to illness and death
• Rowntree conducted research in York between 1899 and 1901
• He also reached the conclusion that 30% of people in York lived in poverty
• Same with Booth, he said if you earned less than 21 shillings per week you were entitled poor
• Produced a report named 'Poverty, A Study of Town Life'
• These reports changed the opinion of the cause of poverty
Alexander Fleming
• Scottish Scientist
• Discoverd antibiotic properties of penicillin in 1928
• He accidentally left bacteria in a petri dish in his lab. After two weeks he noticed mould had stopped the bacteria from growing
• He published his findings in 1929 in the 'British Journal of Experimental Pathology'
Beveridge
• Government Minister
• Wrote the 'Beveridge Report' in 1942
• This suggested the Government had to tackle the 5 'giants' of British society
• These were; Want (poverty), Disease, Ignorance, Squalot (unhygenic living conditions), Idleness (unemployment)
• The Government took action;
• NHS was created
• Family allowance was introduced
• The Clean Air Acts of 1952 and 1956 aimed to reduce pollution in towns and cities
• New towns such as Milton Keynes, were built from scratch with more space and better public facilities
• Council Houses were created
Rosalind Franklin
• English Chemist
• Discovered DNA
• However, others got the credit for it such as Watson and Crick as they demonstrated the structure and how it replicated
Florey and Chain
• Oxford Scientists
• 1939, given extra Government funding to produce mroe Penicillin for WWII
• In 1941, The USA gave $80,000,000 to fund research
• By 1943, Penicillin was being mass produced
• By 1945, it was estimated that the US Army were givin two million doses per month
• The evolution of Penicillin inspired others to increase the use of anti-biotics
Watson and Crick
• English Scientists
• Discovered the double helix structure of DNA
• This allowed others to further understand genetic disease