germany
when did Ebert announce the creation of Weimar Republic
november 9th 1918
why was the creation of weimar republic difficult
external pressure, unrest in country( due to defeat and treaty of versailles)
what happened to germanys military under ToV
only allowed 100,000 men, conscription banned, six battleships,no submarines, no planes, no tanks
what was Article 231 of ToV
war guilt clause
what happened to germanys land under ToV
lost 10%, lost empire, Ruhr under control of allies
when was the spartacist uprising
january 1919
how did spartacist uprising end
ebert ordered friekorps to stop it on 13th of january, leaders killed on 16th of january ( Rosa Luxemburg, Karl Liebknecht)
who are the friekorps/free corps
group of right wing nationalist ex soldiers who hate ToV
when was the kapp putsch
march 1920
how did kapp putsch happen
friekorps led by wolfgang kapp marched into berlin and demanded a new government( 5000 of them)
why did kapp putsch happen
friekorps hated weimar republic
how did kapp putsch end
old governement fled, workers went on strike, after 100 hours kapp gave up governing
when was the ruhr crisis
january 1923
how did the ruhr crisis start and why
germany couldnt pay reparations(6.6 billion)
what happened in the ruhr crisis
french and belgian trops march in to take payment in raw materials, 11 jan 1923 60,000 french take over
events of munich putsch
9th nov 1923 hitler, ludendorff and 1000 sa members march to munich, police are prepared and kill 14 and hitler is arrested
events of munich putsch
9th nov 1923 hitler, ludendorff and 1000 sa members march to munich, police are prepared and kill 14 and hitler is arrested
how did germany react to ruhr crisi and what did france do
workers went on strike, ruhr production stops, french cause violence and arrests workers
how many soldiers did the french army have
750,000
what did the ruhr crisis cause for germany
increase debts, unemployment, shortages
how does ruhr crisis and hyperinfaltion link
weimar republic print more money to pay strikers and make up for the loss of coal/iron
short term consequences of munich putsch
nazis banned, hitler in jail sentenced to 5 years looks like a coward
why was hitler being imprisoned a good thing for the nazis
leant that he had to take over germany politcally and not physically, wrote mein kampf , prison time served only 9 months
how did the price of bread change during hyperinflation
one mark in 1919 to 201 billion marks in 1923
positives of hyperinflation
people in debt - money worthless, wages increase
negatives of hyperinflation
people with savings lost it, bankruptcy, starvation, mass poverty
when did stresemann become chancellor
august 1923
four things stresemann did to fix economic problems and how
1. dawes plan 1924- usa loans germany money
2. introduces new currency- rentenmark to end hyperinflation and reichsmark as a stable currency for the next 30 years
3. ends ruhr crisis
4. young plan 1929 - 6 billion reduced to 2.4 billion
what is the locarno treaty
peace between germany, france, belgium, britain, italy
what was signed in 1928 by stresemann
kellog braind pact - agree to not go to war with eachother, peace talks
what were the results to stresemanns actions
germans happier with government, restored national pride, europe see germany as respectable
how did stresemann bring stability to german politics
coalition government if no winner in proportional representation, hindenburg as president 1925
negatives of golden age
germany reliant of us loans "we are dancing on a volcano"
change for women during golden age
equal rights, vote, work
how did wages and housing change during golden age
wages increased by 10% new housing built 60% less homelessness
when and how did the wall street crash happen
1929, usa asks for money back causes economic problem in germany - great depression
how much did the depression affect industrial production
fell by 40% by 1932
what else happened under depression
businesses collapsed, trade stopped, unemployment rose, banks shut down
how much did unemployment rise during great depression
from 1.3 million to 6 million
why did people turn to the nazis during depression
promised to solve all issues
what did the nazis do to fix the economy
offer work and bread
how did great depression change nazi votes
230 seats
what happened to germanys communist party during great depression
gained votes from working class
how did the rise of communism help the nazis
hitler promised to destroy it and used sa to distrupt their meeting and beat them up
gained support from rich and farmers who feared lands and profits being taken away
how many newspapers did the nazis own by 1930
130
how did the sa help the nazis
intimidating, big army
what was germany like in 1932
germany in chaos, 6 million unemployed, germany on verge of collapse, coalitions always arguing, article 48 used a lot
when was the reichstag fire
27th february 1933
why was reichstag fire a gift for hitler
perfect opportunity to blame communists and ban them
what does hindenburg give hitler after reichstag fire
the emergency decree, germany becomes a police state, hitler arrests 4000 communists, ban communist party
when were nazis the second biggest party
1932