changes to welfare
The Town and Country Planning Act (1919) aimed to build 600,000 homes using central government funds. How many homes were actually built before the 'Geddes axe' in 1922?
213,000 homes.
What was a significant consequence of the 'seeking work test' introduced in 1921 under the Unemployment Insurance Act?
It resulted in 3 million claims being rejected by 1930.
The State Pensions Act of 1908 had which notable limitation?
It did not provide support for widows or children.
Which key feature was introduced by Neville Chamberlain's Widows' Orphans and Old Age Contributory Pensions Act (1925)?
It required compulsory contributions rather than taxation.
The Unemployment Act of 1934 established which body to assist those without entitlement to insurance benefits?
The Unemployed Assistance Board.
Approximately how many new homes were built in total by 1939 due to the 1923, 1924, and 1930 Housing Acts?
4 million
What was the primary aim of the Town and Country Planning Act (1919) regarding housing?
Empowering local authorities to build homes
Despite government intervention increasing housing quantity and quality between 1919 and 1939, what significant issue persisted?
Large areas of sub-standard housing
What was a key characteristic of Neville Chamberlain's 1925 Pensions Act, distinguishing it from earlier provisions?
Compulsory contributions from workers
Which group was explicitly not supported by the State Pensions Act of 1908?
Widows and children
What major political consensus emerged during the Second World War regarding social welfare?
A radical overhaul of the existing welfare system.
According to the Beveridge Report, how was state welfare primarily intended to be funded?
Through a compulsory single insurance payment.
The Beveridge Report aimed to tackle the 'Five giants'. Which of the following is one of these giants?
Ignorance, addressed through better education.
Which of these was a universalist solution implemented during the period of 'total war'?
Rationing of essential goods and services.
How many copies did the Beveridge Report sell, indicating its public impact?
635,000 copies were sold.
How was state welfare primarily intended to be funded according to the original Beveridge Report?
A compulsory single insurance payment
What was the primary purpose of the National Assistance Act (1948)?
To help the most vulnerable not covered by the National Insurance Act
Which act established a compulsory universal system for pensions, unemployment, sickness, and maternity benefits?
National Insurance Act (1946)
How did Labour's implementation of welfare funding differ from the Beveridge Report's original recommendation?
Funding was primarily by taxation
Which of the following was NOT one of the 'Five giants' the Beveridge Report aimed to tackle?
Overpopulation
Which demographic factor contributed to increasing challenges for welfare state provision between 1964-79?
Post-war baby booms during the 1960s.
The political left's main contention regarding welfare provision during 1964-79 was that:
Insufficient aid for the most vulnerable citizens.
Who was a prominent critic of the seemingly unstoppable growth of social provision during the 1964-79 period?
Mrs Thatcher.
A primary criticism from the political right regarding welfare state provision between 1964-79 centered on:
Increasing costs due to more generous benefits.
New groups identified as needing welfare support, not originally considered, included:
Low wage earning families and one-parent families.