Dna and the production of proteins
What is DNA?
DNA is the molecule that stores genetic information in the nucleus of cells.
What is the structure of DNA?
DNA is a double helix made of nucleotides, which contain:
• A sugar (deoxyribose)
• A phosphate group
• A nitrogenous base (A, T, C, G)
Which bases pair together in DNA?
Adenine (A) → Thymine (T)
Cytosine (C) → Guanine (G)
What is a gene?
A gene is a section of DNA that codes for a specific protein.
What is the role of mRNA in protein production?
mRNA carries a copy of the gene’s code from the DNA in the nucleus to the ribosome in the cytoplasm.
how are chromosomes and DNA structured?
Chromosomes are tightly coiled pieces of DNA found inside the nucleus of a cell. This tight coiling helps organize the DNA and makes it easier to separate during cell division.
What is the relationship between the DNA base sequence, amino acid sequence, and protein production?
The DNA bases sequenxe determjnes the amino acid sequence, which in turn determines the protein produced.
What makes up a chromosome structure
Chromatid
Centromere
What are proteins needed for?
Proteins are needed for growth and repair
What are proteins made up of?
Proteins are made up of amino acids. There are 20 diffeent types of amino acids and diffrent sequences (orders) of amino acids make diffrent proteins.
What is the fuction of hormones?
Carries specific messages in the blood
eg. Insulin, Human growth hormone
What is the fuction of receptors?
Allows cells to reconginze specific substances
What is the fuction of structural proteins?
Gives strength and support to cell membrane
What is the fuction of Enzymes
Acts as biological catalysts to speed up reactions
What is the fuction of Antibodies?
Provides specific defence agasint body invaders such as certain bacteria/viruses
What is DNA base sequence?
the code in your genes
What is amino acid sequence?
the order of building blocks in a protein
What is the structure of protein?
the shape the protein folds into
What is the function of protein?
what the protein actually does in the body
What happens in protein synthesis?
Dna has the instructions in the nucleus
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Mrna takes a complementary copy of the DNA sequence to the ribosomes
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Proteins are assembled from amino acids
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Amino acids are a codon and they code for one protein