2
is the study of correct reasoning
Logic
deductively valid inferences or logical truths, examines how conclusion follow, independent of their topic and content
formal logic
associated with informal fallacies critical thinking and argumentation theory
informal logic
is the property of a statement or belief that accurately reflects reality or facts
truth
declarative statement that express ideas or sssrttions that can be either true or false, building blocks of logical arguments
propositions
series of statement that provide reasons to convince tha a claim is truthful
arguments
statement that assume claim to be true by providing reasons that support the truthfulness
explanation
judgement based on facts that is a product of contesting questioning facts and claims
conclusion
statement cam be proven to be true or galse on obj3ctive evidence they verifiable and independent of personal beliefs or feelings
facts
Characteristics of facts
objective, verifiable, universal
characteristics of opinion
subjective, non verifiable, relstive
sre subjective statement thst reflect personal beliefs preferences or interpretation.
opinion
s statement id true if it corresponds to a fact or reality
correspondence theory
a statement id true if it coherently fitd eithin s system of beliefd
coherence theory
a statement is true if it proved useful or works in practice
pragmatic theory
s statement can passed s test or csn be verified
verification theory
scruntinize snd analyze every claim evidence or experience
systematic doubting