Computer Science
Name 4 components in the CPU
- Control Unit
- Arithmetic Logic Unit
- Dedicated registers
- Buses
Give 2 functions of the Control Unit?
- Uses control signals to enable data to be read from/ written to memory
- It decodes every instruction that the processor will execute to know what needs to be done
What are buses?
A communication system that transfers data between components, components are connecteb using buses
What is the system bus and what is it made up of?
- A set of parallel instructions that allow internal components to communicate with each other and exchange data, it connect the CPU, main memory and I/O controllers
Made of:
- Address bus
- Data bus
- Control bus
What are External buses?
External buses - used to connect peripherals to the processor. Either series or parallel
What's different about the control and data bus to the address bus
The control and data bus are bidirectional, so data can be both written to/read from a memory location
what does the control bus do?
- Send control signals between internal and external components (bidirectional)
Name each control signal and it's function
- Memory read - Places data from a certain memory location onto the data bus
- Memory write - Stores data from the data bus onto a certain memory location
- Bus request - Signifies that a component needs to access a bus
- Interrupt request - Signifies that an error or exception has occurred that requires the attention of the CPU
- Clock signals - The control bus supplies the components with clock pulses generated by the system clock
Under what condition can Memory read and Memory write take place?
The address must be on the data bus
what does the data bus do?
Transfers data/instructions between components (bidirectional)
What does the width refer to on a data bus and what does it determine
Width refers to the no of parallel lines, this the determines the no of bits that can be transferred
What does the address bus do?
- Transmits memory addresses specifying where data should be sent/retrieved from
Memory is internally divided into units, what are these units called and how many bits can they hold
Words(16, 32 or 64 bits)
What is the purpose of the ALU
Performs arithmetic, logical and shift operations on data
What is the puropse of the accumulator?
Stores results from the ALU
State all the registers and their functions
PC - Holds the memory address of the next instruction to be executed
CIR - Holds the address in memory which is split into opcode and operand
MAR - Holds the address in memory that is meant to be read from/written to
MDR - Temporarily holds data that has been read or that needs to be written to
Accumulator - Holds the results of an instruction
Explain the fetch step of the fetch execute cycle
- The address of the next instruction is copied from
the PC to the MAR
- The instruction held at that address is copied to the
MDR by the data bus
- At the same time, the contents of the PC are incremented
- The contents of the MDR are copied to the CIR
Explain the decode step of the fetch execute cycle
- The instruction in the CIR is decoded
- It's then split into operand and opcode to determine the type of instruction it is
- It's then passed on to the accumulator
Explain the execute stage in the fetch exeute cycle
- The opcode is executed on the operand
Give 3 factors that can affect the CPU perormance
- Cache size - Larger the cache, the more frequently used data it can store
- No of cores - The more cores, the more instructions the computer can execute at the same time(Not all programs can utilise this as they haven't been designed to do so)
- Clock speed - The greater the clock speed, the faster instructions can be carried out
What is pipelining
A techniques used to improve processor performance
What does the von neumann architecture consist of?
- a processor
- a memory unit that communicates directly with the processor
- connenctions for input and output devices
- secondary storage for saving/backing up data
Give an advantage of shared buses
Reduces the chances of a bottleneck occuring
Give advantages of Von Neumann Architecture
- It simplifies the design of the control unit and is cheaper to develop
- Programs can be optimised in size
What does the harvard architecture do?
Keeps data/instruction in separate memory units
Give advantages of using Harvard architecture
- Instructions are exectued quicker as they're fetched in parallel
- Instructions/Data are held in separate memory units which have different word lengths, which can make more efficient use of space
Explain the different levels of cache
L1 cache - Has very fast memory cells, but a small capacity
L2 cache - Has relatively fast memory cells, with a medium sized capacity
L3 cache - Has a large capacity, but slow memory cells
What are contemporary processors and explain how they work
They're a combination of von neumann and harvard architectures
The von neumann architecture works on the data/instruction in main memory, & the harvard architecture divides cache into instruction cache and data cache
Cuestionario |
---|
Masonry 1st Degree Section 1 |
Le produit de l'ettiquetage er de la stigmatisation |
la déviance |
middeleeuwen namen |
oudheid namen |
scheikunde plus ionen |
FACTOR NATURALEZA Y TRABAJO |
german school subjects |
internationaal recht - ARW 2 |
ATENCION Y MEMORIA |
CIUDADANIA |
TAHUANTINSUYO |
materials and their structure |
Space |
Presidents Quiz 19-46 |
Weimar study guide |
psychology |
FILOSOFIA PERUANA |
RELIEVES ANDINOS |
Facing a Fear - FictionFacing a Fear |
RELIEVES DE LA COSTA |
CRISIS DE LA REPUBLICA |
DERECHO ROMANO |
SOCIEDAD ROMANA |
MAGISTRATURAS ROMANAS |
The Magic Book -FictionThe Magic Book |
factores productivos |
CranberriesCranberries |
MatterMatter |
Photosynthesis |
unit 2 civics |
Kända titlar från de 4 periodernaHej |
CarrotsCarrots |
JellyfishJellyfish |
EU-recht - ARW 2 |
french vocab |
steriod metabolism |
CatsCats |
Science 🧪🧬🔬😭Studying for Science testtt 😭 |
Coagulation |
engelskavv |
Final exam |
Show me Tell me |
AS PSYCH | mock exam revision |
Eco H3 pa 1 t 3 + H4 |
S.C. Younger and older you |
s |
Liz sociologyLIZ |
De nouveaux espaces de conquette (Theme 1) |
The brain parts and functionsPsycholgy |
Duits B dieren (hfd 4) |
Angleščina (Harrison Bergeron) |
Verpleegtechnische Handelingen |
Law revision |
maatschapij toetseweek 2begrippen |
The new rightSociology |
Flashcards |
Thème 4 Histoire |
Geschiedenis vragen par 2.4 |
L'environnement (Theme 5) |
Geschiedenis vragen par 2.3 |
no begrepp v 3onsdag 17 jan |
latijn |
Vmodel |
Module 4 |
sebscience |
Greek |
aarderijkskunde |
Beställning, kontrollering och utlämning av glasögon |
mth kennistoets |
biologie transport begrippen. |
sav |
Thai |
italian |
bill |
farsi |
ActSci |
Science Quiz- Jan 16th |
Spainish Weather🎀 |
privatjuridik avtalsrätt |
Air Brake NL (2024) |
Tekniska landvinningar inom glasögon |
Glaskunskap & Glasdesign |
Spanish Revision |
bea |
Japanese |
What means |
Periodic tableperiodic table of elements flashcards |
PHO7 MENU |
Geographie humaine |
spanish |
Latijn Woorden Kwartaal 2Latijn woorden Kwartaal 2 |
géo humaine |
french |
Maatschappij tentamen Politiek & Nederland en de Wereld |
Latin prepositionspreposition revision for latin test |
unit 2 ac 1.1 crime |
ggg |
Instuderingsfrågor nervsystemet |
lawyuh |
Language of Science (Part 2) Biology |
Grundläggande optik |
svt |
Business extra info |
maatschapijleer |
noms/verbes |
Symbole physique |
Unité physique |
formules |
grade 10 bio |
grade 10 bio |
Nouns |
Anthro week 1 flashcards: |
Appendicular muscles and actions |
Test science dynamique - statique |
Geschiedenis h5/6 |
han || greetings |
Science end of unit solvents |
Goverment names testno description needed |
science - copy. |
franska revolutionen |
school stuff innit spanish |
Meningar |
Effectonderzoek in de gedragswetenschappen |
Spanish |
Vital Signs and Observations |
Citations Jan 2024 |
InjuriesCommon injuries for ankle, knee, hip & groin, spine, shoulder and elbow & wrist. |
Economics - Aggregate supply and demand, inflation, macroeconomic policies (12) |
Periodic table |
test |
Atomic structure |
tyska bajs |
Conservation of energy |
Conservation of energy |
동사 (verbs) |
ACCT 674 - Chapter 1 - The Accountant's Vital Role in Decision Making |
Economics - Market structure (CHAPTER 6) |
biology quiz on 1/17/2024 |
spanish vocab one |
cna chapter 7 and 10 |
vocab lesson 15 |
celloif you want to learn more about cello notss |
Vocab |
Human Evolution - Biodiversity |
geschiedenis hoofdstuk 5 en 6 |
Bio |
Cell structure and Transport |
history years |
history statistics |
Science Cells test revision |
liverpool base destinations |
science physique |
french test.easy |
History: Crime and punishmentCrime and punishment questions about the entire topic |
kracht en beweging |
Psych |
Victorian railway v coultas |
entreprenuer ship word terms |
frans |
Onderzoeksmethoden deel 3Onderzoeksmethoden deel van 6 + 10 |
Cybercrime |
tule sisään lämphöön |
Plant evolution - Biodiversity |
Physique-chimie révision chapitre 1&2 |
Ideal and non ideal solutions -Chemistry of life |
Reproduction |
Boeing 777 |
french |
french |
Onderzoeksmethoden deel 2Onderzoeksmethoden 4 + 5 + deel van 6
Colleges 3 + 4 |
Vocabulary LPIC |
Extra Words from EX |
Word Roots and Combining Forms Indicating Color |
Spainish 🎀💵 |
human geo vocab 1 and 2 |
Important words (french) |
What's your understanding of SoftwareSoftware is a set of instructions, data or programs used to operate computers and execute specific tasks. It is the opposite of hardware, which describes the physical aspects of a computer. Software i... |
Ne PasVocab for Nes Pas quiz. |
Kvantitativ och kvalitativ metod |
Tort Law- defences to private nuisance |
Vetenskaplig metod tenta 13/1-23 |
The orgin of life and evolution - Biodiversity |
Spanish hwspanish hw |
FINANCE |
abdomen the third section of an insect’s body adaptations special features, likgdytvdt |
https://docs.google.com/file/d/1wPxjVJXbH9_ScG8gmprdDmxy178BLyVK/edit?usp=docsli |
french vocabfrench |
business finance formulae |
recap of term one 2023 |
history quiz 1 |
buisiness |
Duits h2 Werkwoorden 3e of 4e naamval3e of 4e naamval werkwoorden |
Bio- interactions of nanomaterials |
History Test 2 Quiz 3 |
pe theory |
history test two number 2 |
KNSS 307(Fundamental Concepts) |
nobela |
Phonetics |
english |
Thermodynamics - Chemistry of Life |
nervsystemetnervsystemet |
reductionism and holism |
Onderzoeksmethoden deel 1Onderzoeksmethoden hoofdstuk 2 + 3
Colleges 1 + 2 |
Jarentallen Duitserijk So |
Cognition |
Perception |
what do you do in the summer |
Spanish Preterite tenseA test on the Preterite tense in Spanish |
한글 |
ruska avantgarda |
ogl202 |
english reviewer (comparing and constrasting) |
linux ogl202 |
Cell organelle and the cytoskeleton- Cell Biology |
french language study |
zguegou |
Isomerism |
Mocking with Moq |
BidZ Termenlijst 2 |
human motor control and sports |
Biologie practicum 9 januari |
physics ep |
toets 2 |
Psycho 105 - Second semester |
CLD Permit |
fire final |
poetry |
irregulaire future |
Study guide English |
Les sports |
gemara word quiz |
Halogens |
Of Mice And Men |
english vocab/ mla formatuse this for exams |
Les vacances |
Faire des courses |
La météo |
Spanish vocab |
future |
toets |
French personal pronounsTest your understanding on French subject pronouns. |
english |
ABCa-z for asl |
biologie hf 2 2.5 |
Physique-chimie révision chapitre 1&2 |
likes and dislikes |
likes and dislikes |
physics forces waffle pt.1 |
English Quotes |
Engels flashcards |
Ak - copys |
surrealizmus |
AkAk leren |
scène 4 |
1.2.9Indirect Taxes and Subsidies |
Metafyzicka malba |
computingcmputing y8 |
Intro to Psych |
BidZ termenlijst 1 |
Website Development |
Da Da |
SVT Thème 1 |
Medical terms 1 |
Word Parts |
🫶🏾 Sydnie 🫶🏾English lesson 10 vocabulary |
Hanzi |
Splunk fundamentals |
African American History : American Civil War Era I |
Vocabulary Mastery IIOrthography and Lexical Development |
learning French 101easy Flashcards for French/ dutch |
DNA - Biochemistry |