End of term5
What is the primary goal of the problem of liquid discharge through openings?
Determine discharge velocity and flow rate
When is a wall considered thin in the context of liquid discharge from an opening?
δ < 0.2d
What does the ratio n=ω⁄ω_1 assess in the context of the opening's size?
Opening area
What is the compression coefficient ε used to evaluate?
Compression degree of the jet
For sharp-edged openings, what is the typical range of the compression coefficient ε?
0.60 to 0.64
What is the phenomenon referred to when the jet emerging from the opening undergoes deformation due
to surface tension forces?
Jet inversion
When is perfect compression observed, and how is it defined?
Opening at least three times the diameter from walls
In the context of liquid discharge, what does incomplete compression mean?
Lack of compression on several sides
What is not uniform in the cross-section of a large opening in the lateral wall of a vessel?
Head (H)
How is the Bernoulli equation applied when liquid flows through a large opening in the lateral wall?
Only to individual elementary streams
How is the total flow rate determined when applying the Bernoulli equation to individual elementary
streams?
Summing up elementary discharges
What does the discharge coefficient μ significantly depend on in the context of liquid discharge formulas?
Opening shape, size, and head
What is assumed to neglect in the calculation of drainage involving variable head?
Inertia forces
How is the length of a nozzle denoted, and what is the relationship L=(3−4)d in this context?
L = (3−4)d, where d is the diameter of the opening
How are nozzles classified based on their shape?
Conical and cylindrical
What is the distinctive feature of diverging conical nozzles, and where are they commonly used?
Significant vacuum generation, used in injectors
What is the primary purpose of converging conical nozzles?
To generate high kinetic energy in the jet
What distinguishes conoidal nozzles, and how are energy losses in them described?
Shaped according to the jet, minimal energy losses
What is the discharge coefficient of a conoidal nozzle?
High
Under what conditions is perfect compression observed?
At least three diameters of the opening
What does the compression coefficient (ε) assess in the context of liquid discharge from an opening?
Compression degree
In the formula for determining the flow rate when liquid flows through a small opening in a thin wall, what
is adjusted by refining the discharge coefficient (μ)?
Assumptions made in deriving the formula
In the context of liquid discharge, what is the purpose of a diverging conical nozzle?
Significant vacuum generation
When draining a vessel under variable head, what is the relationship between the time for draining and the
time for the liquid to flow out under the initial head?
Time for draining is twice the time for initial flow
How is the length of a nozzle denoted, and what is the relationship L=(3−4)d in this context?
. L = (3−4)d, where d is the diameter of the opening
What is the purpose of a converging conical nozzle in the context of liquid discharge?
To generate high kinetic energy in the jet
What is the primary purpose of conoidal nozzles, and what distinguishes them in terms of energy losses?
Shaped according to the jet, minimal energy losses
What is the highest among nozzle types for the discharge coefficient of a conoidal nozzle?
High
In the context of liquid discharge through openings, what does the ratio n=ω⁄ω_1 assess?
Opening area
How is the Bernoulli equation applied when liquid flows through a large opening in the lateral wall?
Only to individual elementary streams