Inflight Emergencies
What are the NNC recall items?
Nearest oxygen mask don
Nearest seat occupy
Seat belt fasten
Passengers instruct
What is the order of a land evacuation preparation?
Captains NITS briefing to CSM
CSM NITS briefing to CC
CC to get impact drill sheet and move to demo positions
Captains PA
CSM PA
Secure galley & stow loose items- move passengers (buddy)
Check door ARMED
Review briefing cards with passengers
CSM to report to captian
FC "attention CC resume seats immediately'
FC "brace brace brace" 30 seconds before impact.
What is a NITS briefing?
Nature of emergency
Intentions
Time available
Special considerations or requirments
What happens if the PA is unserviceable duirng a land evac prep?
All crew to conduct individual briefing of passengers in your zone.
How will you know to commence brace commands as CC if PA is unserviceable?
30 seconds before touchdown, FC will order 'Brace' by flashing the seat belt sign.
How long is the CSM's cabin preparation PA
Minimum of 5-7 min
What are the 3 pauses in the LAND CSM cabin prep PA?
Identify CC member- stand still
Check seat belts fastened and brace positions
Show exits- on 'no smoking outside'- start back first.
What are the 3 things that could happen after a LAND emergency?
Alert PA
Evacuation PA
Alert Cancellation PA
What are the evacuation commands?
Evacuate evacuate evacuate, seat belts off, high heels off- repeated until usable exit.
In a land emergency what do you need to check at the overwing exits during cabin prep?
That there is no carry on baggage items or articles under the seats directly forward of the overwing exits.
In a LAND emergency, what can be stowed in the seat pockets?
Pens, pencils, eye glasses, dentures, jewellery.
Note: all PED (incl handheld) should we switched and stowed.
What passengers would you place a ABP next to?
Aged
Disabled
Unaccompanied minors
parents travelling with more than one child each
Who are the suggested passengers for ABP role?
- positioning airline crew
- military personnel
- police or security personnel
- people who respond to authority
Who would you need to review passenger briefing cards with?
- non english speakers
- hearing disabilites
- blind- use braile book
What sort of drinks are you going to gather and stow in an emergency?
Those that contain no alcohol or caffeine.
What would you say to the CSM when reporting LAND cabin prep complete?
Door number, name- my area is secure
When you hear "attention cabin crew, resume your seats" what are you going to do?
Take up assigned seat
secure harness
silent review
await brace command
After brace command when aircraft comes to a stop, what will you do?
-Stand by assigned door, checking outside for any non normal conditions- report these if any.
-Wait for communication from FC, eg. Alert PA or evacuation. If none heard, attempt to contact FC.
What are the pauses in the CSM cabin prep PA for ditching?
Identify crew
Fit lifejacket- check passengers
?
If a FC member does not answer the phone what is the protocol?
-Make a second call after approx 1 min- if no response- pilot incapacitation is suspected.
- Contact CSM
- Proceed to flight deck
- Enter emergency access code and press enter.
- If no response door will unlock after 30 seconds.
What will the FC see in the flight deck if the emergency code is entered?
Flashing light on flight deck + continuous chime
What should you do if you find out there is pilot incapacitation?
At the direction of the non incapacitated pilot
- pull the pilot away from the control panel.
- Lock intertia reel by moving locking lever downwards on the inboard side of the seat.
- guide seat backward using the seat locking mechanism located on the inboard side of the sea.
What are the three types of depressurisation?
Explosive
Sudden
Gradual
What is explosive depressurisation?
May be caused by the collapse of a door, window/latch or damaged aircraft structure which causes the air to expel out of the cabin in a rush.
What is sudden depressurisation?
May be caused by a failure of the pressurisation system which leads to an obvious loss of cabin pressure. Fuselage stays in tact.
What is gradual depressurisation?
A slow pressurisation leak or an air con failure which may not be apparent to cabin occuopants until aircraft warning system acitvates. Fuselage still in tact.
What are some of things that may occur during depressurisation?
- initial effects of hypoxia
- sudden boiling of liquids
- pain in ears/sinuses
- Mist forming in cabin
- air becoming cold and thin
- need to breathe rapidly
- distuance of dust and loose papers
- discomfort or pain due to trapped gasses in the body
What are the aircraft indications of depressurisation?
-oxygen masks drop from PSU's
- cabin lighting illuminates to max brightness
- No smoking and fasten seatbelt sign illuminates
- Automatic PA for passengers to use oxygen masks- x3
What is the estimated usful consciouness periods?
43,000- 10 seconds
40,000- 15 seconds
35,000- 45 seconds
30,000- 1 min
25,000- 3 min
20,000- 10 minutes
What do you do when you hear "Cabin crew commence follow up duties"?
-Take off oxygen mask- get up
-Quick sweep of cabin and aircraft damage
-Report to CSM- Door, name- there is no passenger injury or aircraft damage in my area.
-Grab NNC and begin checklist
-Check lav
- Administer first aid if necessary
-Clear and secure loose items
How often do you check someone on oxygen?
Every 15 min
Who is more susceptable to hypoxia?
People with:
- Heart conditions
- Respiratory illess
- Cold and fatigue
- Blood disorders
- Use of alcohol, drugs or heavy smoking.
What are the early signs of hypoxia?
- Similar to being intoxicated with alcohol
- Reduced night vision
Mild hypoxia symptoms?
- breathlessness
- sleepiness
- difficulty in concentrating
- indifference
- unwarrented self confidence
- increased pulse rate (normal is 70-90)
Visible indications of hypoxia include:
- Blueness aroud fingertips and lips
- laboured breathing
Sites for potential trapped gas?
ears
sinuses
abdomen
teeth
What is decompression sickness?
Known as 'the bends'. Build up of nitrogen bubbles in the blood.
How long should you leave between scuba diving and flying?
24 hours
Symptoms of decompression sickness?
- joint pains
- chest pains
- blotchy, marbled skin rash
- visual impairement
- mental impairment
- dizziness and confusion
- collapse/unconsciousness.
Where are the automatic fire extinguishers on the aircraft?
-engine, apu, cargo hold, waste bins (lavatory)
What is the basic fire drill?
1st crew member- FIRE FIGHTER
2nd crew member- COMMUNICATOR
3rd crew member- BACK UP
What does the 1st crew member- FIRE FIGHTER need to do?
- Obtain nearest extinguising agent
- Investigate/attack the incidet- stay low, check for heat, smoke, flames- attempt to locate the source.
- Call or signal another crew member. They become the communicator.
- If PBE is required, a third crew member will fit one and swap duties with the fire fighter.
What does the 2nd crew member do?
- immediately notify the flight crew and other crew by making an 'ALL STATIONS' emergency call (2, 2, 5).
- Confirm FC have responded to ALL stations call
- Give a clear and concise description of the incident.
- Maintain continuous communication between the flight crew and firefigther.
What does the 3rd crew member?
BACK UP
- obtain a second extinguisher, PBE and other fire fighter
- if PBE required, fit PBE and relieve first fire fighting crew member.
- If required- assist flow of information between the crew member fighting the fire and the crew member on the interphone
When a fire is extinquished what should you do?
-All burnt non electrical material and embers should be thouroughly soaked.
- check no re-ignition is possible
DO NOT USE WATER ON ELECTRICAL EQUIPMENT or WIRING
If fire is not immediately extinguished what do you do?
- put on additional clothing
- if required fit PBE
- remove portable oxygen from affected area
- move passengers away from the fire area.
If excessive smoke or fumes remain inside the cabin what should you do?
- move passengers away from the affected are
- block vents
- instruct passengers to breathe from areas where there is less smoke, eg. near the floor.
What should you do if the lavatory door is cool?
- enter lav and investigate fire
- located fire source
- if waste bin cupboard door is hot-discharge BCF down waste paper flap.
What should you do if the lav door is hot?
-Stay low
- Crack door and fully discharge BCF through crack and reclose door.
- Fit PBE
- obstain an additional BCF
- open door carefully. If flames prevent entry, use door as protective barrier while discharging BCF.
What does SKI mean in terms of an oven fire?
S- switch off electrical power
K- Keep door shut
I- Implement basic fire drill
What does OSCR mean if terms of an oven fire?
O- open oven door 2-5cm
S- spray BCF into oven
C- Close door. Leave for 30 sec
R- Re check to ensure fire is out
What should you do if you suspect a compartment fire?
- advise captain immediately and follow their instructions
- advise other crew members to obtain additional equipment
If you are instructed to level a panel open what should you do?
- obtain crash axe, PBE and BCF
- move passengers away from the area
- use spike of the crash axe to gently lever away enough of hte panel to insert nozzle of BCF.
What should you do if there is a PED incident?
- follow basic fire drill
- remove any external electrical power for the device
- don heat resistant gloves or alternative protection to remove device to safe location
- contact cabin crew to continue basic fire drill
- if smoke/fumes present as appropriate consult NNC for smoke and or fumes
- make entry into aircraft tech log
-intelex report
What colour are nossles in the bin before and after fire/heat?
Black turning silver
What colour do the indicators on the outside of the waste bin go and why?
They turn black when the inside of the bin has reached certain temperatures
When checking the lav, what shoud you be making sure to check?
That the waste bin flap remains closed.
What does the communicator say to the captain on the all stations emergency call?
door number name,
either
* The smoke dectector in the forward L1 lavatory has been activated. The firefighter has felt the door it is cold. She is going in. There is no smoke or flames present. The waste bin lid is cold. We are trying to locate the source.
* There is smoke coming out of the aft galley oven, we have turned off the power, can you please turn off the main galley power. The captain has turned off the power. The oven door has been opened. There are flames present, the firefighter has partially discharged the BCF into the oven closest to the R2 door. ...
What does the fire triangle consist of?
heat, oxygen and fuel
How does heat transfer in fires?
Conduction, convection, radiation
Classes of fire
A- sold materials
B- flammable or combustable liquid
C- flammable gases
D- combustable metals
E- live electrical equipment