1945-55
What significant action did Truman take regarding the armed forces to advance the status of minorities?
He desegregated the armed forces.
What significantly heightened Cold War tensions and led to increased military spending between 1950 and 1953?
The Korean War
By what percentage did the average family income increase between 1947 and 1960, making it twice that of Great Britain?
70 percent
Approximately how many new cars were sold in 1950, up from 69,500 in 1945?
6.7 million
Which act, passed after the 1946 mid-term elections, reduced trade union rights, including the right to call a strike?
The Taft-Hartley Act
What percentage of the value of homes did the GI Bill provide mortgages for veterans?
90 percent
Which landmark Supreme Court case in 1954 was crucial for the changing status of minorities?
Brown v. Board of Education
What percentage of US families owned a television by 1954, up from 0.4% in 1947?
55.7 percent
What was a notable characteristic of homes in Levittown projects regarding sales?
They were sold only to white people.
Approximately how many children were born in the United States between 1945 and 1955, contributing to the baby boom?
30 million
How did the reality of the nuclear age impact daily life for many Americans by 1949?
Widespread construction of public bomb shelters.
Approximately how many individuals were blacklisted from the film industry due to HUAC's investigations into pro-Communist material?
Roughly 350 people.
What was Klaus Fuchs' significant role in the context of the Cold War and atomic espionage?
He worked on US atomic weapons and passed information to the Soviets.
The second Red Scare was primarily a result of which of the following factors?
HUAC investigations and McCarthyism.
Julius and Ethel Rosenberg were accused of what crime related to national security?
Espionage for passing atomic secrets to the Soviets.
Which of the following films reflected and reinforced anti-Communist sentiment and Cold War anxieties?
Invasion of the Body Snatchers.
Which State Department official was accused by Whitaker Chambers of giving secret government documents and later convicted of perjury?
Alger Hiss.
What was the original primary purpose for the creation of the House Un-American Activities Committee (HUAC) in 1938?
To protect the USA from Nazi spying and subversion.
What event significantly contributed to Senator McCarthy losing public support and credibility?
His televised hearings where he attacked the army.
Senator Joseph McCarthy's anti-Communist crusade was characterized by which of these methods?
Unsubstantiated accusations and public hearings.
What significant action did Truman take regarding the status of minorities, as highlighted in the notes?
Desegregation of the armed forces
Which musical genres were the primary roots of Rock and Roll music, transferred from the South to northern cities?
Southern blues and R&B
What happened to the Black American share of defence-related employment during the post-war period?
It went up 3-8%
Which Executive Order, issued by Truman in July 1948, officially desegregated the armed forces?
Executive Order 9981
What growing medium contributed to cultural change and the stereotyping of women during the 1945-55 period?
Television
Which government committee was associated with the end of post-war euphoria due to its anti-communist investigations?
House Un-American Activities Committee
After which significant ruling in 1954 did Eisenhower continue efforts to desegregate government-run schools in Washington?
Brown v. Board of Education ruling
What was a significant aspect of the economic transformation in the USA between 1945-55, related to housing for veterans?
Provision of mortgages for veterans
Approximately how many Black Americans joined the NAACP in 1944, as mentioned in the notes?
Half a million
What percentage of the US population was under 24 in 1950, contributing to the rise of teenage culture?
41.6%
What significant early victory did the NAACP achieve by preventing a segregationist's appointment to the Supreme Court?
John Parker's nomination
What was the name of the magazine produced by the NAACP between 1909 and 1934?
The Crisis
Which organization, founded in 1942 by James Farmer, campaigned for civil rights based on non-violence inspired by Gandhi?
Congress of Racial Equality
In what year did the Supreme Court declare segregation in public schools unconstitutional in the Brown v. Board of Education case?
1954
In what year was the NAACP founded?
1909
Rosa Parks' refusal to give up her seat on a bus in Montgomery, Alabama, in 1955 sparked which pivotal event in the Civil Rights movement?
Montgomery Bus Boycott
The Brown v. Board of Education ruling in 1954 overturned which previous Supreme Court doctrine that established "separate but equal"?
Plessy v. Ferguson
Which prominent figure led the NAACP and produced its magazine 'The Crisis'?
W.E.B. DuBois
Who was the lawyer that successfully argued the Brown case before the Supreme Court and later became its first Black member?
Thurgood Marshall
Which Executive Order, issued in July 1948, led to the desegregation of the armed forces?
Executive Order 9981
By 1955, which form of entertainment had become popular with both black and white audiences, featuring artists like Louis Armstrong?
Jazz and blues music
What tragic event in August 1955, involving a 15-year-old boy, fueled white racist anger and a resurgence of the KKK?
Emmet Till's murder
In 1947, which African American athlete broke the color barrier in Major League Baseball?
Jackie Robinson
The 1954 Supreme Court case Brown V Board of Education ruled against what practice?
School segregation
Which Supreme Court case in 1944 challenged the exclusion of black voters from primary elections?
Smith V Allwright
The Federal Voluntary Relocation Programme aimed to achieve what for Native Americans?
Remove them from their reservations
What major civil rights protest began in 1955, following the Brown II case and the Southern Manifesto?
Montgomery bus boycott
Which program invited temporary labor from Latin America to work in California fruit farms?
Bracero programme
What was a significant consequence of House Concurrent Resolution (HCR) 108 in 1953 for Native Americans?
Ended their status as wards of the USA
What did Executive Order 9981, issued in 1948, primarily accomplish?
Ended segregation in the armed forces