Forensic3
IS ANY SUBSTANCE THAT MAY CAUSE EXPLOSION BY ITS SUDDEN DISCOMPOSITION OR COMBUSTION.
explosive
These explosives have very fast of high detonating rate
high explosive
The speed of its detonation wave equals to 1000m/s and pressure equal to thousand of atmosphere
high explosive
This kind of explosive is extremely sensitive to detonation by heat, shock, and impact.
primary and initiating
it contains powerful and sensitive explosives.
blasting caps
a time daily much like firecracker
safety fuse
This is used to set a multiple charge simultaneously.
detonating cord
a combination of fuels and oxidants such as fuel oil and ammonium nitrate
blasting agents
common over the counter explosive used in reloading gun ammunition.
black or smokeless powder
This is a phenomenon resulting from a sudden release of energy and this happens so rapidly that a local accumulation of energy occurs at the site of explosion moving outward in various way.
explosion
is a similar phenomenon except that the energy released in initially directed inward.
implosion
it is a sudden breaking apart, shattering or bursting into pieces internal pressure, such as those caused expansion of gas producing high pressure beyond the capacity of the container.
mechanical explosion
a source of explosion wherein the source of energy comes from an exclusive substances such as gun powder produced through the extremely rapid tranformation of the unstable substances accompanied by the formation of heat.
chemical explosion
resulting from atomic transmition
atomic explosion
The absolute measure of explosion size determined in terms of the energy released by exploiding an explosive
explosive strength
wave produced when the explosive detonates underground producing an earthquake.
earth shock
wave produced when an ordnance is denoted underwater.
water shock
This scientific equipment is used for the qualitative and quantitative determination of a volatile or non-volatile compound based on the chromatographic separation of its components.
High Powered Liquid Chromatography
It is used for the qualitative and quantitative analysis of organic compounds.
ultra violet spectrophotometer
It is used for screening of abused urine samples
enzyme multiple immuno assay technique
This scientific equipment is used for the physical identification of various questioned specimens.
Scanning electron miscroscope
Used for the identification of pure organic substances. It identifies
organic substances particularly abused drugs and explosive ingredients based on their characteristic functional groups.
fourier transform infrared spectroscopy
Massacre occurred in Chicago. Then a group of public-minded individuals was responsible for the establishment of a scientific crime laboratory in that city which today has marked its place in the historical annals of police science.
February 14,1829
Creation of "Medicos Titulares" by virtue of Royal Decree No. 188 of Spain. For every province,a Forensic Physician was assigned to perform public sanitary duties and at the same time provide medico-legal aids to the administration of justice.
March 31,1876
Governor General Joaquin Javellar created a committee to study the mineral Waters of Luzon and appointed Anacleto del Rosario as chemist.
December 15,1884
Establishment of "Laboratorio Municipal de Manila" under the inspection of the "Dirección General de Administración Civil" and the control of the "Gobierno de Provincias" The function of the laboratory was to make analysis not only of food, Water and others from the standpoint of public health and legal medicine but also of specimen for clinical purposes.
september 13,1887
Laboratorio Medico-Legal" was created under the dependency of the judicial branch of the government and the laboratory functioning under the direction of a physician and assisted by a pharmacist-chemist.
1894
Antonio Luna established a clinical laboratory where some original works in chemistry were done. Unfortunately, all prospects of the advancement of the scientific laboratories were paralyzed as a result of the revolution in 1896.
1895
The first scientific laboratory was established in a small building on the banks of Pasig River with Lt. R.P. Strong of the U.S. Army in charge
1899
Actual scientific work began under the initiative of Dean C. Worcester by virtue of Act No. 156 approved by the Civil Commission.
1901
The Bureau of Government Laboratories was created for the purpose of performing biological and chemical examinations as well as for the production of vaccines and sera.
July 01,1901
The Department of Legal Medicine was created pursuant to the resolution of the Board of Regents. The department took charge of the courses of legal medicines and its branches in the College of Medicine and Law.
March 11,1915
Through the passage of Act No. 3043 by the Philippine Legislature, the same Department of Legal Medicine became a branch of the Department of Justice and at the same time an integral part of the University of the Philippines.
October 14,1924
The "Division of Investigation" was created under Commonwealth Act No. 181 with two medico-legal officers and a chemist. The Medico-Legal Section of the Division of Investigation started the definite movement towards the creation of scientific crime detection laboratory.
December 01,1937
The National Bureau of Investigation (NBI) was organized with the Division of Investigation as the nucleus. The chemical laboratory of the Medico-Legal Section was expanded into a Forensic Chemistry Division.
September 1945
also called forensic laboratory, facility where analyses are performed on evidence generated by crimes or, sometímes, civil infractions.
Crime Laboratory
-is a form of forensic testing. Drug test results issued should be scientifically, legally and forensically defensible
drug testing
-is a branch of Forensic Chemistry that deals with the scientific examination of drugs and volatile substances.
drug identification
is the process of separating mixture and comparing the migration of each component with standard.
chromatography
a confirmatory method whereby lights is used to identify the sample specimen
spectroscopy
soluble drugs (such as cocaine) are excreted quickly
water
soluble drugs (such as marijuana) may take several weeks or months before excretion.
fat
A SPECIMEN CONTAINING EITHER A SUBSTANCE THAT IS NOT A NORMAL CONSTITUENT FOR THAT TYPE OF SPECIMEN OR CONTAINING AN ENDOGENOUS SUBSTANCE AT A CONCENTRATION THAT IS NOT A NORMAL PHYSIOLOGICAL CONCENTRATION
adulterated
REFERS TO A SPECIMEN WITH LESS THAN PHYSIOLOGICAL CONSTITUENT
diluted
A SPECIMEN WHICH HAS BEEN DERIVED THROUGH SWITCHING OR REPLACEMENT OF THE ORIGINAL SAMPLE
substituted
two ways to dilute a urine sample
internal and external
may be found on the skin or gun, on the the victim or clothing of the person who discharged gun, on the entrance bullet hole of garment or wound of the victim or on other target materials at the scene.
gunpowder residue
examinations are performed to help the investigators in determining whether a person has discharged a firearm or not; whether a firearm wat discharged or not; and the possible gunshot range or the distance of the shooter to the victim. Both hands of the suspect as well as those of the victim, the firearms and clothing of the victim must be examined to determine the presence of gunpowder nitrates.
gunshot residue
it produces flame on percussion
primer
was originated from Cuba when Dr. Gonzalo Iturrios first used paraffin for collecting gunpowder residues from discharged firearm.
paraffin test
who introduced the paraffin test in the US?
teodoro gonzales
what kind of reagent is used to determine if a person discharged a gun?
diphenylamine
how long do GPR stays in a person's hand who discharged a gun?
72 hours
is a white, translucent, tasteless odorless solid consisting of a mixture of solid hydrocarbons of high molecular weight.
paraffin wax