NBCD 3
Should not be taken along with tetracycline except
Dairy products
latrogenic malnutrition is
Protein-calorie malnutrition
When assessing the nutritional status of a patient who has received radiation therapy, which of the following is the least useful parameter?
Four-day intake record
Cancer cachexia syndrome is characterized by:
Anorexia
Factors that contribute to anorexia and poor food intake in people with cancer may include:
Psychological stress
Side effect of the chemotherapy or radiation therapy that affect food intake include all except:
Mouth blindness
People with cancer who receive radiation therapy to the head and neck often develop:
Increase saliva production
Food aversions can be minimized in people undergoing chemotherapy by:
A and b
Which kind of dietary fat is most implicated in cancer causation?
Monounsaturated fats
Cancers of the head and neck correlate best to:
Alcohol intake and tobacco use
To compensate for weight loss during cancer treatments, clients should be encouraged to:
Eat extra food immediately after treatment
Enteral and Parenteral Nutrition should be used only after the cancer client:
None of the above
Cancer clients who complain of fullness should be told to
Avoid high fat foods
Common causes of anorexia in cancer clients include all of the following except:
The pain associated with a tumor
A dietitian in a dialysis clinic should recommend oral consumption of vitamin in an amount greater than the DRI?
Vitamin D
A hemodialysis patient has labs prior to receiving his regular treatment which reveal a BUN of 105 mg/dL and serum sodium of 128 mEqL. He also gained 5kg since his previous treatment. What would have caused this?
Excessive intake of fluid, protein and sodium
Clients with advanced kidney disease frequently develop renal osteodystrophy. This is related to a lack of the following?
Calciferol
The lab results for a peritoneal dialysis patient reveal a phosphorous level 9.5 mg/dl. The patient reports taking a phosphate binder with meals and snack. The RD's first step should be
Recommend a higher dosage of the phosphate binder
For the treatment of which condition would a high alkaline ash diet be recommended?
Uric acid stones
After review of his lab work, a patient was informed that his renal failure had progressed to the point where he now needed dialysis treatment. Which lab results would have indicated this?
Hyperkalemia
Urea excretion is related to ______, while Createnine excretion is related to________
protein intake, muscle mass
All of the following represent functions of the kidney except:
inactivation of Vitamin D
The normal glomerular filtration rate for adult is?
90-120 ml/min
When a renal client is retaining sodium and fluid:
A and C
To estimate daily fluid needs of a renal client, add_____milliliters to the 24-hr. urine output
None of the above
Removal of O and/or addition of the H and/or gain of electrons
Reduction
Substance that combines with H+ ions
Base
Movement of fluids across a semi permeable membrane from a lower concentration of solutes to a higher concentration of solutes
Osmosis
Inactive from of enzyme
Zymogen
Synthesized from EAA. Most abundant PUFA in bio membrane and a precursor of Eicosanoids.
Arachidonic acid
Form of cholesterol which is the chief source of strokes; composed of 27% protein, 65% lipid and 8% carbohydrates.
Lipoprotein
Fatty acids that do not require bile salts or chylomicron formation for absorption
Both a and b
Micronutrient mineral component of enzymes and oxygen carrying hemoglobin
Iron
Which of the ff. is the most abundant form of stored energy in humans?
Triglyceride
Which of the ff. carries genetic information?
Nucleic acid
Percentage of total calories obtained from carbohydrates should be between
20-35%
Milk is low in iron but rich in calcium, sodium and potassium. Its chief proteins are caseinogen and lactalbumin.
Both statements are true
Which of the ff. is not a component of a dietary fiber?
Agar
Which of the ff. nutrients is rich in short and medium chain fatty acids?
Milk
Which of the ff. has the highest glycemic index?
Dextrose
Principal product of digestion
Glucose
Type of starch that is easily completely digested and absorbed in the small intestines.
Rapidly digestible starch
Which among the ff. are the phases in glycolysis?
A and B
Phase entry for glycerol
Investment phase
Pyruvate is transported to mitochondria to react with coenzyme A or CoA to form_____.
Acetyl CoA
In Krebs cycle; 1 glucose molecule yields how many ATPS?
2
Final stage in the production with an overall effect of carrying the H atoms in the form of NADH+, H+ and FAD+H+ to be combined with 02 to generate water.
All of the above
Glycogen breakdown; degradation of glycogen occurs in the cytosol by adding enzymes and water to remove the phosphates and glucose.
Glycogenolysis
Which one of the following fatty acids is considered essential from a nutritional point of view?
linoleic acid (18:2)
Steatorrhea is associated with all of the following EXCEPT:
pancreatic beta-call insufficiency.
Give the 9 trace minerals
Manganese, Selenium, Copper, Chromium, Cobalt, Fluoride, lodine, Iron, Manganese, Molybdenum, Zinc
Top 3 most abundant macro mineral in the body
Calcium, Phosphorus, Sulfur
Regulation of fluid and electrolyte balance and acid-base balance depends primarily on this body organ______
kidneys
the principal cation in the extracellular fluids of the body
sodium
is the major anion of the extracellular fluids (outside the cells), where it occurs mostly in association with sodium
Chloride
The role of chloride in the stomach is to help.
maintain a strong acidity
is the most abundant mineral in the body.
Calcium
the highest attainable bone density for an individual, developed during the first three decades of life.
peak bone mass
is the second most abundant mineral in the body.
Phosphorus
Phosphorus assists in many activities in the body, but not
Blood clotting
Most of the body's magnesium can be found in the
bones
are essential mineral nutrients found in the human body in amounts smaller than 5 g; sometimes called microminerals.
Trace Minerals
:the iron storage protein.
ferritin
the iron transport protein.
transferrin
an iron storage protein primarily made in times of iron overload.
hemosiderin
a hormone produced by the liver that regulates iron balance
hepcidin
is the best when it comes to iron supplements. It is a substance that can grasp the positive ions of a mineral. It means claw.
Iron chelates
When the label on a grain product says "enriched," it means____
and several______have been added.
Iron; Vitamin B
compound found on plants that generally to help them resist fungi, bacteria and plant virus infection
phytochemical
is known as class of pigments of plants
flavonoids
71. Sulfur components incorporated in proteins are amino acids______and_______
Met; Cys
is a "mineral" that protects cells from hydrogen peroxides
Selenium
Superoxide Dismutase SOD components are minerals______ and______
Zinc; copper
Pyruvate carboxylase cofactor enzyme of mineral helps in the formation of oxaloacetate
Manganese
Iron excess inhibits what mineral absorption?
Manganese
is a mineral that helps the body for bone mineralization, osteoblast proliferation and teeth mineralization
Fluoride
is a mineral form that acts acid resistant for teeth mineralization
Fluorohydroxyapitate
is a mineral that serves as cofactor for 50 different enzymes, iron absorption and transport and elastin and collagen.
Copper
is a mineral that needs Zrt and Irt like proteins as carrier for active absorption, and needs metallothionein (zinc-containing protein) enzyme
Zinc
bind on sites where zinc normally bind and therefore disrupts normal zinc functions
Cadmium
is a mineral that helps with cobalamin
Cobalt
are intracellular, low molecular weight, cysteine- rich proteins that needs ions to perform metal homeostasis and protection against heavy metal toxicity, DNA damage, and oxidative stress. Examples are zinc and copper.
Metalloenzymes
formerly known as vitamin Q
Lipoic Acid
second most abundant major mineral in the body. Absorbed in the body as Phosphate.
Phosporus
Thiamin TPP and Lipoic Acid and CoA equals, Which is an important substrate in the TCA cycle.
Acetyl CoA
What is/are the location(s) for trans nasal tube feedings?
All of the above
What is/are the basic enteral formula type/s?
All of the above
Which of the following is not true about enteral feeding?
People who receive tube feeding should lie down flat and supine
To be able to determine patient's tolerance for tube feeding formula, monitor if there is/are occurrences of?
All of the above
Which among the following tube feeding access will require surgery?
PEG
The following enteral instruments can be used for intermittent feeding except?
Enteral Pump
Implanted port device is not used in?
PPN
Dextrose monohydrate as Carbohydrate used in PN is equal to
3.4 kcal/g
Dumping syndrome that occurs 1-3 hours after eating
Late dumping syndrome
Patient's gastrointestinal tract is not capable of absorbing nutrients, with serious difficulty going on for 15 days, the best method feeding is?
CPN
Patient's gastrointestinal tract is capable of absorbing nutrients, however with difficulty to voluntarily eat by mouth, the best method of feeding is?
EN