CP 604
a term coined by the phytosociologist Tansley, for an area that includes all organisms therein and their physical environment
Ecosystem
Ecosystem
a term coined by the phytosociologist Tansley, for an area that includes all organisms therein and their physical environment
There are several processes in the Ecosystern that needs to be fully understood:
Photosynthesis
Decomposition
Symbiotic activities which infuence the transport and storage of nmatter and energy
SYMBIOSIS
relationship of two or more different organisms fna dose association that may be, but is not necessarily of benefit to each
to live together, living together
nutritional relationship
interactions between two different species
derived from the Greek words
"sym" means together "bio" means life
relationship of two or more different organisms fna dose association that may be, but is not necessarily of benefit to each
SYMBIOSIS
interactions between two different species
symbiosis
sym
bio
sym-together
bio-life
TYPE OF SYMBIOSIS
Mutualism and commensalism
The relationship is of mutual benefit to both species
Mutualism
One species benefits and the other does not but is not harmed.
Commensalism
An individual derives nutritional benefits at detrimental expense of another
By means of a long-term association
Individuals involved are different separate species
May be expanded to include species with a parasitic stage at some point in their life cycle
Parasitic mode of life in all cases confined to larvae, immature stage and adults are free-living.
Parasitism
Parasitism?
An individual derives nutritional benefits at detrimental expense of another
By means of a long-term association
Individuals involved are different separate species
May be dxpanded to include species with a parasitic stage at some point in their life cycle
Parasitic mode of life in all cases confined to larvae, immature stage and adults are free-living.
An individual derives nutritional benefits at detrimental expense of another
parasitism
Individuals involved are different separate species
parasitism
May be expanded to include species with a parasitic stage at some point in their life cycle
Parasitic mode of life in all cases confined to larvae, immature stage and adults are free-living.
parasitism
Some species parasitoids and other predatory wasps påralyze the host by sting then lay eggs on it.
Some larvae feed on the paralyzed host and complete their development
Other seek the eggs, larvae or pupae of various insects and deposit their eggs within them
The larvae develop on these stages of the host, killing it in the end.
parasitism
Parasitism
Some species parasitoids and other predatory wasps påralyze the host by sting then lay eggs on it.
Some larvae feed on the paralyzed host and complete their development
Other seek the eggs, larvae or pupae of various insects and deposit their eggs within them
The larvae develop on these stages of the host, killing it in the end.
Endoparasites
parasite that live within the body of the host
Ectoparasites
live outside the body of the host
Parasites that live within the body of the host
Endoparasites
Live outside the body of the host
Ectoparasites
. is the act of eating plants
- occurs above and below ground
- Herbivores may eat any part of the plant above the soil including leaves, stems, flowers, fruit and any part of the plant below the soil incucing roots and tubers.
Herbivory
biological interaction where a predator (an animal that is hunting) feeds on its prey (the animal that is attacked).
Predation
Predation
biological nteraction where apredator (an animal that is hunting) feeds on its prey (the animal that is attacked).
Predator
animal that is hunting
Prey
animal that is attacked
-is a non-mutual relationship between organisms of different species where one organism, the parasite, benefits at the expense of the other, the
Parasitism
The Ecosystem is composed of many biologically meaningful units. Breaking it down into smaller and smalier parts, we may recognize the following:
1.Community
2. Guild
3. Species
4. Populations
5. Genotype
6. Phenotype
1. Community-
the organisms that interact in a given
area
The organisms that interact in a given
area
Community
groups Of Specie that exploit the same resoure in a similar manner
For example: in leaf-eating insects, some suck plant juices
Guild
Guild
grOUps Of Specie that exploit the same resoure in a similar manner
For example: in leaf-eating insects, some suck plant juices
Guilds are composed of;
Species, Populations, Genotype, and Phenotype
which are groups of organisms that can interbreed but are reproductively isolated from other such groups
Species
Species
which are groups of organisms that can interbreed but are reproductively isolated from other such groups