Skeletal System
Name the bones of the axial skeleton
Cranium
Sternum
Rib
Vertebral Column
- Cervical
- Thoracic
- Lumbar
Sacrum
Coccyx
Name the bones of the appendicular skeleton
Clavicle
Scapula
Humerus
Ulna
Radius
Carpals
Metacarpals
Phalanges
Pelvic Girdle
- Illium
- Ischium
- Pubis
Femur
Patella
Tibia
Fibula
Tarsals
Talus
Metatarsals
State and explain the 6 functions of the skeleton
Shape: determines characteristics for example; height.
Support: for organs and muscles to attach or suspend from.
Protection: for vital organs such as brain, spinal cord, the heart and lungs, i.e. the ribs protect the heart and lungs, cranium protects the brain
Movement: attachment points for muscles and joints to enable movement. Acts as a lever system.
Blood cell production: central core of bone marrow where red and white cells created in long bones i.e. the femur
Mineral storage: calcium and phosphorous used in other body functions and metabolism.
What are the 5 types of bone
long
short
irregular
flat
sesamoid
what is the structure and functions of long bones
structure - Longer than they are wide
Function - mobility, strength, structure and blood cell production
what is the structure and functions of short bones
structure - as wide as they are long
Function - weight bearing functions
what is the structure and functions of flat bones
structure - broad, flat planes
Function - protection and muscle attachment
what is the structure and functions of Irregular bones
structure - cannot be grouped with other bones
function - protection and muscle attachment
what is the structure and functions of sesamoid bones
A bone embedded within a tendon
Name the 3 joint catagories
Fixed/fibrous
semi-movable/Cartilaginous
freely moveable/synovial
What are the different types of synovial joint
ball and socket
hinge
condyloid
saddle
gliding
pivot
identify the features of a synovial joint
Articular/hyaline cartilage
Ligaments
Synovial membrane
Synovial fluid
Menisci
Pads of fat
Bursae
Joint capsule
What movements are available at a ball and socket joint
Flexion
Extension
Adduction
Abduction
Circumduction
Internal Rotation
External Rotation
Horizontal Flexion
Horizontal Extension
What movements are available at a hinge joint
flexion and extension
What movements are available at a pivot joint
roatation
What movements are available at a condyloid joint
flexion, extension, adduction, abduction, circumduction