PRELIM (1-50)
Function of Nucleus
Stores genetic material (DNA) and controls cell activities
Function of Mitochondria
produces ATP through cellular respiration
Function of Ribosomes
Protein synthesis
What part of the cell is responsible for lipid synthesis and detoxification?
Rough ER
Role of Lysosomes
Breaking down waste and foreign invaders
Chloroplast is essential for?
Photosynthesis
Which cell structure controls the movement of substances in and out of the cell?
Cell Membrane
What process is primarily responsible for the stiffening of muscles after death?
Rigor Mortis
Which type of death involves the irreversible loss of a person's ability to communicate and perceive sensory stimuli?
Somatic Death
Which is NOT a typical early sign of death?
Putrefaction
The _______ fills the space between the cell membrane and the nucleus
Cytoplasm
The __________ controls cell activities and contains the genetic material.
Nucleus
What type of tissue is responsible for transmitting electrical signals in the body?
Nervous Tissue
Which type of death is characterized by the destruction of the cortex with an intact brainstem?
Cortical Death
What is the first visible sign of putrefaction?
Greenish discoloration of the abdomen
(T OR F) A feather test is used to assess circulatory function in determining death.
False
The __________ is responsible for packaging and sorting proteins and lipids within the cell.
Golgi Apparatus
What process describes the breakdown of fatty tissues into a waxy substance after death?
Adipocere Formation
Which is NOT a common manifestation of infectious diseases?
Increased body fat
_____ ischemia occurs when oxygen is removed from tissue while cooling after the blood supply has been cut off.
Cold
What is the role of peroxisomes in the cell?
Breaking down fatty acids and detoxifying harmful substances
The __________ is responsible for organizing microtubules and regulating cell division in animal cells.
Centrosome
Which type of autopsy is performed to study normal body structures, usually for educational purposes?
Anatomical Autopsy
True or False:
The Magnus test is used to assess respiratory function.
False
Which type of tissue is primarily responsible for providing structural support and transport within the body?
Connective Tissue
The __________ is the outer boundary of all cells and controls the movement of substances in and out of the cell.
Cell membrane
What is the typical order of muscle stiffness in rigor mortis?
Face → Limbs
True or False:
Rigor mortis occurs simultaneously in all muscles of the body.
True
__________ is the process where cells die in a controlled manner, usually for the purpose of eliminating damaged or unnecessary cells.
Apoptosis
Which of the following best describes coagulative necrosis?
Tissue maintains its basic architecture for several days
What term describes the bluish-purple discoloration that appears on the skin of dependent body parts after death?
Livor Mortis
During the decomposition process, gas distention is first observed in the __________.
Abdomen
True or False:
Mummification occurs in moist environments.
False
Which method of autopsy involves the removal and dissection of organs en masse?
Letulle
When the supply of blood is cut off from a tissue, the resulting lack of oxygen is called
Ischemia
True or False:
The Y-shaped incision is typically used in hospital autopsies to avoid compromising the body’s appearance.
False
What type of cell death occurs due to traumatic injury, infection, or toxins, and often results in inflammation?
Necrosis
The presence of small hemorrhages, known as __________ spots, in dependent areas of the body after death is associated with livor mortis.
Tardieu spots
True or False:
Hypostasis refers to the cooling of the body after death.
False
What condition describes the conversion of body fat into a waxy substance in a moist environment after death?
Adipocere
What is the term for the process of muscle stiffening after death?
Rigor Mortis
True or False:
A cadaveric spasm refers to the instantaneous stiffening of muscles immediately at the time of death, usually in response to trauma.
True
__________ is a waxy substance formed from body fat due to hydrolysis and hydrogenation in a moist environment after death.
Adipocere
Which type of cell death is typically associated with inflammation?
Necrosis
Which of the following is a sign of early death?
Pallor and loss of skin elasticity
__________ is characterized by the bluish-purple discoloration of the skin in dependent areas of the body after death.
Livor mortis
Hypostatis
Algor mortis refers to the cooling of the body after death.
True
What is the purpose of an autopsy?
To determine the cause and manner of death
A(n) __________ is an incision made from behind the ears and down the chest during an autopsy to examine the neck and chest regions.
Y incision
Which of the following types of autopsies is performed to understand the mental state of a deceased person in cases of suicide?
Psychological Autopsy