Topic 2 first language
is the process by which humans acquire the capacity to perceive and comprehend language, as well as to produce and use words to communicate.
Language Acquisition
refers to the child's acquisition of his mother tongue, and how he comes to understand and speak the language of his community. Children acquire language through a subconscious process. They are unaware of proper grammar.
Fist Language Acquisition
➤Behaviorist theory can be traced back to _. habit formation, but later, Behaviorist Theory of Language Acquisition was fully developed and propounded by Skinner in his book _
John Broadus Watson's (1924)
Verbal Behavior (1957).
focuses on using either reinforcement or punishment to increase and decrease the behavior. If a behavior is followed by a positive consequence (i.e. reinforcement), then that behavior is more likely to occur again in the future; conversely, if a behavior is followed by a negative consequence (i.e. punishment), then that behavior is less likely to occur again.
Skinner's operant conditioning
Thus, learning can occur through stimulus-response- reinforcement. Children imitate words selectively according to their own understanding of the sounds or patterns.
The Behavioristic Approaches
This theory contend that human abilities and developmental processes are innate and hard-wired at birth. These theories inform beliefs about developmental processes most closely associated with initial language acquisition
Nativist Approach
2. The Nativist Approach _______ proposed that there is an inborn language acquisition device (LAD) somewhere in the brain that facilitates language acquisition. He believed that children have an innate ability to learn a language.
Noam Chomsky (1972)
2. Nativist Approach Chomsky proposed that there must be mechanism that allows children to acquire the structure of language naturally. He also suggested, that human beings born with set of rules about language in the brains called the ___.
UNIVERSAL GRAMMAR
3. Cognitive Theory ➤ The psychologist ______ is a major proponent of this cognitive model, which sees language acquisition in light of developing mental capacities, that we are able to learn language because of our ability to learn. He believed that the understanding of concepts must come before language. When a child says, "Ball is red," he must first understand what a ball and the color red are before he can comment.
Jean Piaget
what stage of Language acquisition
Infants and toddlers acquire knowledge through sensory experiences and manipulating objects.
Sensorimotor stage: Birth to 2 years
what stage of language acquisition
Begin to think symbolically and learn to use words and pictures to represent objects. They Getting better with language and thinking, but still tend to think in very concrete terms.
Preoperational stage: Ages 2 to 7
what stage of language acquisition
o Children are still very concrete and literal in their thinking at this point in development, they become much more adapt at using logic.
Concrete operational stage: Ages 7 to 11
what stage of Language acquisition
o The final stage of Piaget's theory involves an increase in logic, the ability to use deductive reasoning, and an understanding of abstract ideas.3 At this point, adolescents and young adults become capable of seeing multiple potential solutions to problems and think more scientifically about the world around them.
Formal operational stage: Ages 12 and up
4. The Functional Approach
a. SOCIAL INTERACTION AND LANGUAGE DEVELOPMENT ___ says that "a reciprocal behavioral system operates between language developing infant-child and the competent language user in a socializing teaching nurturing role. The child language is created on one of the thorniest areas of linguistic research the function of discourse.
Holzman's Reciprocal Model of Language
4. The Functional Approach
addresses that children are the active transformers of their own experiences with the world - they pick and choose what they need to make their own world in their head; ➤Children construct meaning by means of social contact and negotiation. Children learning occur within a socio-cultural plane and is internalize to the cognitive plane.
Brunner's constructivism
4. The Functional Approach
c. Development of Language Function and Language Structure
➤Language function as the _ of language structure.
➤Language function as the _ to language structure
➤Communication as the ___language structure. ➤Communication as the source of _.
basis
gateway
motivation for acquiring
communication development
Stages of First Language Acquisition
Cooing, babbling, crying, and gestures. Example: Baby babbles "ba-ba-ba."
Pre-linguistic Stage (0-12 months)
Stages of First Language Acquisition
Single words represent whole ideas. Example: "Juice" may mean "I want juice."
Holophrastic Stage (12-18 months)
Stages of First Language Acquisition
Two-word combinations appear. Example: "Mommy go," "more milk."
Two-word Stage (18-24 months)
Stages of First Language Acquisition
Short, meaningful sentences without function words. Example: "Want toy," "Dog run fast."
Telegraphic Stage (2-3 years)
Stages of First Language Acquisition Later
Complex sentences, grammar, and vocabulary expand. Example: "I want to play outside because it's sunny."
Multiword Stage (3 years and above)
Cases in L1 Learning
Children raised in bilingual households acquire __
Deaf children exposed to sign language acquire it as their
Language delays may occur if children lack _
two first languages naturally.
L1.
exposure to meaningful interactions.
Role of Parents, Teachers, and Community
__ Provide early interaction, storytelling, and encouragement.
__: Reinforce vocabulary, grammar, and communication in formal education.
__: Creates authentic situations for language use (playgrounds, cultural events, local media).
Parents:
Teachers
Community