Chapter 1
what are the two roots of language that means tongue
lingua latin word
langue french word
what are the five micro skills
listening speaking reading writing and viewing
Language is the road map of a culture. It tells you where its people come from and where they are going."
Rita Mae Brown
a definition of language as "Primarily human and non-instinctive method of communication."
Sapir
a definition of language as "
It aims to form components of culture. "
Sapir-Whorf Hypothesis
A definition of language as "The total of such signs of our thoughts and feelings. "
A.H. Gardiner
A definition of language as "Expression of thought utilizing speech sounds. "
Henry Sweet
A definition of language as "A system of communication sound. "
Maria A Pei and Frank Gaynor
is a prerequisite to understanding. It is the skill of grasping and decoding, information during the exchange of messages.
Listening
is the beginning of understanding and a valuable key to effective communication. It is the task of getting the meaning of what is being heard (Underwood, 2009).
Listening
who created the 10 steps of effective listening
Dianne Schilling
what step, Look at the speaker in the face and eyes
step 1
what step is focus and give attention but relax
step two
what step is be open minded
step 3
what step is listen and picture what the speaker is saying
step four
what's that is don't speak while the person is speaking
step five
what step is when the speaker pauses, you may ask clarifying questions
step six
what step is ask relevant questions
step seven
what step is put yourself in the speaker's place
step eight
what step is give feedback
step nine
what step is focus as well to nonverbal cues
step 10
is the ability that makes us superior to other species. It is a complex cognitive and linguistic skill that involves words and sounds.
speaking
in speaking it includes connotation, denotation, grammar
meaning
in speaking it includes formal, informal, slang, turn-taking
Sociality, Relationship, Affect
in speaking it includes class, ethnicity, nationality, religion, gender, dialect
cultural issues
in speaking it includes articulation, projection, pronunciation
Performance
in speaking it includes how volume pitch, pace, and nature of sound complement/contradict replace words
sound elements
it is a function of speaking in which we socialize
interaction
it is a function of speaking in which we make command or request
transaction
it is a function of speaking in which audience receive messages through speeches
performance
it is a multi-positive process and a way of making meaning from print
reading
in reading it is identifying the words of from print
words recognition
in reading construct an understanding from print
comprehension
in reading it is the coordination of identifying words and making meaning from them; to be accurate
Fluency
brown suggested to categories for reading one is reading allowed with others and the other one is to breed using our eyes
oral reading and silent reading
under silent reading it is a process of reading word or word
intensive
under silent reading it is the process of breeding quickly
extensive
under intensive reading it is where you identify language features of a text .
language
under intensive reading it is understanding the text on the brother aspect interpreting its meaning and the situation surrounding the text
context
under extensive reading it is the process of locating specific details in a text such as the time to date in which you jump off to the text
scanning
inexpensive reading it is the process of quick reading and to focus mainly to find the main ideas
skimming
under extensive reading it is the process of understanding the entire text structure
global
it is what language teachers should master to teach the students because it is the process of applying what you've learned from print
writing
what are the five steps for writing
decide the topic
research and collect information
outline and plan
start writing by a simple draft
review, edit, and format
it allows students to pause and reflect and think about the images they are seeing and analyze and evaluate further for better use. making meaning out of images
viewing
what type of viewing is skill to decipher the meaning from visuals (Georgis, 1909)
ability to create visuals to convey effectively the ideas in mind (Valmont, 2003; Heinish, 1999)
visual literacy
skill to understand-and-evaluate Information from visuals
ablity to analyze the composition of the picture
TO KNOW HOW TO FACT CHECK
critical viewing
it refers to the knowledge one has on morphology phonology and syntax including how and when to use this appropriately in utterances.
communicative competence
what principle of communication is As teachers, we provide activities for students that push them to use language in a communicative content.
Communication Principle or CP
what communication principle is "Teachers provide real-life activities to complete or da It so doing, they learn and gain communicative competence.
Task Principle or TP
what communication principle is "Teachers must carefully choose authentic and engaging activities that create meaning for students for learning to take place and endure.
Meaningful Principle or MP
under communicative competence it is the ability to produce grammatically correct utterances grammars and spellings
grammatical competence or linguistic competence
under communicative competence it is the ability to build social relationships like being polite friendly talk and etiquette
sociolinguistic competence
under communicative competence it is the ability to arrange thoughts logically, coherently and cohesively
discourse competence
under communicative competence it is the ability to solve communication problems as they arise or solve a language gaps
strategic competence