Karens Midterm

what is macular degeneration

loss of central vision

presbyopia is when:

you cant see up close

this disease is caused by a build up of protein of the eye

cataracts

what is glaucoma

increased occular pressure resulting in no peripheral vision

using the braden scale what score is considered high risk

9 or less

what is hydrocephalus

large head shape and size

what is it called when the shape and size of the head is regular

normocephalic

how often should we get eye exams

ages 6-60 every 2 years, older than 60 should be annually

this disease is caused by weakened extraocular muscles

strabisma

this type of hearing loss is caused by damage to the inner ear or age

sensorineural

what are some causes of conductive hearing loss

perforated ear drum
blood or pus in middle ear
osteosclerosis

another name for an ear infection

otitis media

what is it called when someone has difficulty swallowing

dysphagia

when collecting objective data in the ear we follow which two steps

inspection and then palpation

the acinus contains which structures

bronchioles
alevoli and ducts and sacs

this process maintains pH by providing O2 and removing CO2

respiration

what structures of the brainstem control involuntary breathing

pons and medulla

these two words are used interchangeably when the level of CO2 is increased

hypercarbia and hypercapnia

what is the normal RR for an infant

30-50 bpm

when we get the client to say "99" we are checking for vibrations which is called

tactile fremitus

what is it called when the air sac is filled with fluid and makes crackling sounds

crepitus

when would we hear hyperresonance in the lungs

too much air
emphysema or pneumothorax

which intercostal spaces do we listen to when auscultating posteriorly

1-9

where do we listen for bronchiovesicular sounds

over the bronchi
ant- 1&2 ics
post-between scapula

this region of breath sounds can only be heard anteriorly, are loud, and expiration is greater than inspiration

bronchiol

this region of breath sounds can be heard over the lungs anteriorly and posteriorly, are quiet, and inspiration is greater than expiration

vesicular

if breath sounds are silent, this is an indication of

airway obstruction

what sounds do we hear if there is dense lung tissue and pneumonia

increased

why would we hear decreased breath sounds

decreased elasticity
mucous or foreign body
air or fluid in pleural

what is a normal level of spO2

97-98
95-100 is good
anything under 93 is concerning

when doing the 6 min walk test how many meters in 6 mins increase risk of ADI

under 300

what is the normal pH for an ABG test

7.35-7.45

what 3 parts make up the sternum

manubrium
body
xiphoid process

the apex and base of the lungs can be found posteriorly from to

c7 to t10

laterally we can find the borders of the lungs at the

7-8th ribs

which side of the lungs has 3 lobes and the middle one cannot be seen posteriorly

right side

the anterior lung borders are found

apex- claivcle
base- diaphragm, 6th rib

what is the function of the pleural cavity

lubricate and vacuum

what type of pleura encloses the lungs

visceral

what type of pleura lines the chest cavity including the wall, heart, and lungs

partial

what are things that put an infant at risk of airway obstruction

short narrow airway (4mm)
tonsils and lymph tissue (decrease after age 12)
common swelling in the epiglottis

what part of the heart pumps the blood

myocardium

what is myocardial infraction

heart attacj

what is the function of the endocardium

lines the chambers and valves

what is systole and what valves open and close

systole is pumping
AV valves close
SL valves open

what is diastole and what valves open and close

diastole is filling of the ventricles
AV valves open
SL valves close

what side of the heart pumps unoxygenated blood to the lungs