Earth Science (PRELIMINARY)
what are the 8 planets
Mercury
Venus
Earth
Mars
Jupiter
Saturn
Uranus
Neptune
blue planet that sustain life
Earth
how many percent of water on earth
70%
how many percent of land on earth
29.2%
according to them PLUTO did not make the three criteria
IAU(INTERNATIONAL ASTRONOMICAL UNION)
What are the 3 criteria
1. celestial body that orbit around the sun
2. efficient mass for itself gravity to overcome
3. not cleared to its neighboring planets
4 factors
atmosphere
temperature
nutrients
energy
how many percent of temperature is needed
-15° Celcuis to 115° celcuis
planets that have right sized to hold sufficient atmosphere
EARTH & VENUS
5 Layers of atmosphere
Troposphere
Stratosphere
Mesosphere
Thermosphere
Exosphere
Light and chemical energy cell can run the action
ENERGY
build and maintain organisms body
nutrients
Earth subsystem
Geosphere
Hydrosphere
Atmosphere
Biosphere
terrestrial planets
Venus
Mars
Earth
"Pirimordorial universe" (the original state of cosmos was a "primordorial mixture" of all its ingredients which existed in infinitesimally small fragments of themself.)"
Anaxagoras
"atomic universe" everything is composed of atoms. Between atoms there lies empty space
- atoms are indestructible
Leucippus and Democritus
"gravitational effect" universe was full of matter, there was no such they as empty space.
Rene Descartes
Principia" (steady-state infinite universe)
Sir Isaac Newton
"Steady state theory" (predicted a universe that expanded but didn't change its density).
Fred Hoyle, Thomas Hold, Herman Bondi
proposed a model of the universe base on the Big Bang Theory (BBT).
Alan Guth
-developed the inflaiting universe
-universe is just one of many "bubbles" In the "multiuniverse.
Andrei Linde
-idea, an object, or even a process that is used to describe and explain Phenomena that cannot be experienced directly.
-Scientist use model to predict what happens in particular event.
Model
2 Popular models about Solar System:
Claudius Ptolemy's Geocentric model
Nicholas Copernicus Heliocentric model
Sun is the center of the solar system
Nicholas Copernicus Heliocentric model
Earth is at center of the Solar System
Claudius Ptolemy's Geocentric model
quantity of rotation of a body
ANGULAR MOMENTUM
(Immanuel Kant 1724.1804 Pierre-Simone Laplace 1749-1827)
Earliest theory of now the Solar System origin.
"kant-Laplace nebular hypothesis" (Solar System began as a cloud of dispresed interstellar gas called "nebula")
mutual gravitational attraction between particles start moving and colliding and kept together by electrostatic forces. The resulting nebular aggregates became larger than others, grew more rapidly, and ultimately became planets.
Nebular hypothesis
situated at the constellation orion, one of the biggest nebulae. Composed of interstellar cloud of dust, hydrogen, and helium, Providing a glimpse of the universe's post.
ORION NEBULA
( Thomas Chrowder Chamberlin & Forest Ray moulton) worked on the kant-Laplace nebular Hypothesis which became (Chamberlin-moulton Plante Planetesimal hypothesis.)
PLANETISIMAL and TIDAL THEORY
Smaller masses quickly Cooled and became numerous smaller bodies
PLANETISIMAL
James Hopwood Jeans & Harold Jeffrey's Huge tidal waves was created from sun's Collision with another star.
-As the gaseous materials condensed, it separated into masses of various sizes and conden sed to form the planets.
Jeans-Jefferey's tidal Theory
(Gerald Kuiper and cal von weiz sacker)
-modified version of the nebular hypothesis
- Protoplanets ( nebula broke into whirpools of gas within a rotating mass)
PROTOPLANET THEORY