Neuro - Ventricular System, CSF, BBB
True or false: The interstitial fluid in the brain and the cerebrospinal fluid in the intraventricular and subarachnoid spaces are separately compartmentalized
True
Which structure produces CSF?
choroid plexus
Do choroid epithelial cells have tight or loose junctions?
tight
True or False: CSF can cross into venous blood, and venous blood can cross into CSF
false
Which pressure is greatest: venous blood or CSF?
CSF
True or False: The rate of CSF formation increases with increased pressure
false
CSF absorption exceeds formation when ICP is elevated. True or False?
True
As intracranial pressure increases, cerebral perfusion pressure ______ (increases or decreases).
decreases
Which of the following are a part of Cushing's triad?
hypertension
bradycardia
irregular respirations
Optic disc swelling is also called ________.
papilledema
Which surgical procedure can be performed to decrease intracranial pressure?
decompressive hemicraniectomy
True or false: Communicating hydrocephalus is due to an obstruction of flow in the subarachnoid space, while Noncommunicating hydrocephalus is due to an obstruction of flow in the ventricular system.
true
Which procedure involves placing an external ventricular drain for CSF to bypass obstructions and drain into a bag outside of the head?
ventriculostomy
What is the more permanent treatment for hydrocephalus called?
ventriculoperitoneal shunt
Select all of the locations of barrier sites in the CNS
brain endothelium
arachnoid epithelium
choroid plexus epithelium
Which structure provides a nearly continuous covering of capillaries in the BBB?
astrocyte endfeet
Select all of the substances that can freely cross the BBB
caffeine
O2 and CO2
ethanol
opioids
The 3 principal transmembrane proteins that make up the tight junctions of the BBB include claudins, ____, and _____
occludins; junctional adhesion molecules
junctional adhesion molecules; occludins
The ______ barrier is imposed by the choroidal epithelium preventing the transport of materials from blood into the CSF
blood CSF
blood-CSF
True or False: The entire volume of CSF (about 150 mL) turns over about 3 times each day
true
True or False: High density of fenestrated, leaky choroidal capillaries are present within each plexus
true
There is a net secretion of _____ from the plasma to CSF during CSF formation
Na
sodium
In CSF formation, basolateral Na+ entry occurs through a ____ exchanger and a Na coupled _____ transport
Na/H; HCO3
CSF flows from the lateral ventricles to the _____
interventricular foramina of monro
CSF flows from the interventricular foramina of monro to the _____, and then the _____
third ventricle; cerebral aqueduct of sylvius
CSF flows from the ____ to the foramina of magendie and luschka
fourth ventricle
CSF is absorbed by the dural venous sinuses (particularly the superior sagittal sinus) through ______
arachnoid granulations
True or False: Arachnoid granulations function as pressure- sensitive, one-way valves that allow flow of CSF from the subarachnoid spaces into venous blood
true
At which points of CSF flow is hydrocephalus the most likely to result from an obstruction?
cerebral aqueduct
fourth ventricle
interventricular foramina of monro
Which is a normal value for ICP?
8 mm Hg