Neuro - Ventricular System, CSF, BBB

True or false: The interstitial fluid in the brain and the cerebrospinal fluid in the intraventricular and subarachnoid spaces are separately compartmentalized

True

Which structure produces CSF?

choroid plexus

Do choroid epithelial cells have tight or loose junctions?

tight

True or False: CSF can cross into venous blood, and venous blood can cross into CSF

false

Which pressure is greatest: venous blood or CSF?

CSF

True or False: The rate of CSF formation increases with increased pressure

false

CSF absorption exceeds formation when ICP is elevated. True or False?

True

As intracranial pressure increases, cerebral perfusion pressure ______ (increases or decreases).

decreases

Which of the following are a part of Cushing's triad?

hypertension

bradycardia

irregular respirations

Optic disc swelling is also called ________.

papilledema

Which surgical procedure can be performed to decrease intracranial pressure?

decompressive hemicraniectomy

True or false: Communicating hydrocephalus is due to an obstruction of flow in the subarachnoid space, while Noncommunicating hydrocephalus is due to an obstruction of flow in the ventricular system.

true

Which procedure involves placing an external ventricular drain for CSF to bypass obstructions and drain into a bag outside of the head?

ventriculostomy

What is the more permanent treatment for hydrocephalus called?

ventriculoperitoneal shunt

Select all of the locations of barrier sites in the CNS

brain endothelium

arachnoid epithelium

choroid plexus epithelium

Which structure provides a nearly continuous covering of capillaries in the BBB?

astrocyte endfeet

Select all of the substances that can freely cross the BBB

caffeine

O2 and CO2

ethanol

opioids

The 3 principal transmembrane proteins that make up the tight junctions of the BBB include claudins, ____, and _____

occludins; junctional adhesion molecules

junctional adhesion molecules; occludins

The ______ barrier is imposed by the choroidal epithelium preventing the transport of materials from blood into the CSF

blood CSF

blood-CSF

True or False: The entire volume of CSF (about 150 mL) turns over about 3 times each day

true

True or False: High density of fenestrated, leaky choroidal capillaries are present within each plexus

true

There is a net secretion of _____ from the plasma to CSF during CSF formation

Na

sodium

In CSF formation, basolateral Na+ entry occurs through a ____ exchanger and a Na coupled _____ transport

Na/H; HCO3

CSF flows from the lateral ventricles to the _____

interventricular foramina of monro

CSF flows from the interventricular foramina of monro to the _____, and then the _____

third ventricle; cerebral aqueduct of sylvius

CSF flows from the ____ to the foramina of magendie and luschka

fourth ventricle

CSF is absorbed by the dural venous sinuses (particularly the superior sagittal sinus) through ______

arachnoid granulations

True or False: Arachnoid granulations function as pressure- sensitive, one-way valves that allow flow of CSF from the subarachnoid spaces into venous blood

true

At which points of CSF flow is hydrocephalus the most likely to result from an obstruction?

cerebral aqueduct

fourth ventricle

interventricular foramina of monro

Which is a normal value for ICP?

8 mm Hg