Astronomy
A scientific probing of the universe to derive the properties of CELESTIAL objects and the laws under which the universe operates
Astronomy
How old is the universe?
13.8 billion years
16-18
Two most abundant elements in the universe
Hydrogen and Helium
Science that studies the origin and evolution of universe
Cosmology
Four fundamental forces
Strong force, electromagnetic force, weak force, gravity
Explain the origin of the universe and suggest that the universe is part of an expanding system where all galaxies are moving farther away with each passing day.
Big bang theory
Big bang theory was first proposed by Belgian priest in 1920s
George's Lemaitre
Big bang theory was developed by _________ in the1940s
George Gamow
General relativity
Albert Einstein
Hubbles Law
Edwin Hubble
States that an observers view of the universe depends neither on the direction in which he looks or on his location
Cosmological principle
More stars and galaxies are formed
Expansion
Types of universe
Flat, closed, open, accelerating universe
Expansion slows down but never stops
Flat universe
Little gravity that outward expansion goes on forever
Open universe
States that. The universe has always been essentially the same as it is today and that it will continue that way forever
Steady state theory
Proponent of steady state theory
Fred Hoyle
Inflationary theory was developed in 1981 by
Alan Guth
Consist of collection of objects orbiting one or more central stars
Solar system
All things in the solar system comes from the sun
Fission theory-George Darwin 1984
Leftover radiation from Big Bang or the tie when the universe began.
The presence of this was predicted by the Bigbang Theory
Comic Microwave Background
dense, contracting and condensing mass of gas and dust in nebula in the early stage of star formation. (baby star)
Protostar
Internal structure of a star
Core, Radiation Zone, Convection zone
structure of star where energy in the form of gamma and X rays from the core is absorbed and reemirred by cillisions with atoms in this zone
Radiation Zone
structure of star, outer layer where energy is transferred through covection; hoot gas rises, cool gas sinks, creating circulation currents
Convention zone
extremely large collection of stars bound together by mutual gravitational attraction. Fundamental components for the structure of the universe.
Basic unit of universe
Galaxies
a part of Milky way galaxy that is crowded center
Nuclear Bulge
Part of Milky way Galaxy that is spherical distribution of star cluster
Halo
Types of Galaxies
Elliptical, Normal Spiral, Barred Spiral,Irregular
many stars are gathered into a nuclear bulge. Spiral arms extend directly from the central nucleus
(Adromeda, Whirlpool Galaxy, Sombrero Galaxy)
Normal Spiral
type of galaxy that has no regular geometric shape
Irregular
a model of the formation of the solar system Tha states that the planets formed from the gas and dust left over from the formation of the sun.
the widely accepted theory of the origin of the solar system
Protoplanet nebula model
Two model of the solar system
Geocetric and Heliocentric model
Earth-centered model. The earth was motionless and that the sun, moon, planets and stars revolved around the EArth, which was considered the center of the universe.
Geocetric Model
Proponent of the Geocetric Model
Claudius Ptolemy
proponent of Heliocentric model
Nicolas Copernicus
He refined the Heliocentric model.
Planets move in the path of an ellipse of certain dimensions
Johannes Kepler
laws describing the motion of the planets
Laws of Planetary motion
planets covers the same aa of space in the same amount of time no matter where it is in its orbit
Law of Equal Areas
Planets orbital period is proportional to the size of its orbit; t2 alpha d3
Law of Harmonic Motion (Harmonic Law)
have physical and chemical characteristics resembling the earth in certain respects (Earth-like)
Terrestrial planets
four terrestrial planets
Mercury, venu, earth, mars
The living/blue planet
only planet with surface water
has atmosphere
Shae is oblate spheroid
Earth
the red planet
have 2 moons; Phobos and Deimos
has thin atmosphere
has 12 or more extinct volcanos
Mars
Largest planet
fastest rotating planet(only 10hrs)
covered with alternating band of clouds
has 4 largest moons (Galilean moons)
Jupiter
Planet with the lowest density
the ringed planet
Saturn
Jovian Planets are...
Jupiter, Saturn, Uranus, Neptune
farthest planet from the Sun.Outermost planet
atmosphere is mainly hydrogen and Helium with some methane and mmoniaa
twin t uranus, blue and warmer
Neptune
Three Dwarf Planets
Ceres, Pluto, Eris
Ceres was discovered in 1801by Italian astronomer
Giuseppe Piazzi
second dwarf planet from the sun
observed successfully by C.W Tombaugh
Pluto
half of pluto diameter, largest satellite in relation to its parent planet; in synchronous orbit with pluto
charon
All objects that are not satellite but orbit the sun
Small solar system Bodies
sometimes refer to as minor planet
small rocky bodies found in the large gap between Mars and Jupiter
Asteroid
Largest Asterioid
Ceres
relatively high albedo; only asteroid which can be seen by naked eyes
Vesta
small celestial object composed of ice, dust, and rock that orbits sun and forms a glowing coma and tail when it approaches the sun
comets
part of comet that is composed of rocky or metallic material, as well as solid ices
Nucleus
Parts of comet that surrounds the nucleus
Head/coma
part of the comet that surrounds the coma, dissociation of water molecules
hydrogen cloud
a star, a self-luminous sphere of hot gas held together by gravity an energized by nuclear reaction in its core
Sun
Father of Modern Astronomy
Nicholas Copernicus
Part of the sun that is a visible surface of the sun
Photosphere
Part of the sun that is huge regions oof cooler material on the surface of the sun where the magnetic field is very internse, dark region
Sunspots
part of the sun where Oregon of prominence which is visible during a solar eclipse; layer of hotter gas above photosphere
Chromosphere color sphere
part of the sun, an outer solar atmosphere; a crown of light seen during a solar eclipse
Corona
stream of charge particles, mainly electrons and protons, that is constantly emitted by the sun and travels through the solar system; causes aurora and tails of comet
Solar wind
Earth's only natural satellite
brightest object in the night sky
fifth largest moon in solar system
has no water and no atmosphere
moon
feature of the moon that is a light-colored rock surface easily seen on the Moon
Lunar highlights
large flat areas much lower elevation than the highlands; smooth, dark areas
Maria
feature of the moon that streaks that surrounds craters that extend outward over the surface; pulvurized rock
Rays