Nutrition and the human digestive system🤹
What is the cell which secretes hydrochloric acid in the stomach?
Parietal cell
What is the method of absorption in the epithelial cell of the villus?
Facilitated diffusion
What is the substance synthesised from amino acids in the liver?
Plasma proteins and enzymes
What is the function of liver ?
-Expels___from the blood
-Converts excess amino acids into ____.
-Converts excess glucose into___.
-toxic
-urea
-glycogen
Which part of the alimentary canal absorbs the most water from the intestinal contents?
Large intestine
What are reabsorbed in the large intestine?
Water and mineral salts
What are the functions of the large intestine?
-Secretes____to facilitate the movement of___.
-Absorbs___.
-Stores faeces temporarily before ____.
-mucus
-mineral salts
-defaecation
What is the effect of gastric bypass surgery?
Eats a small amount of food because the individual will be full quickly
Signs of bulimia nervosa
-Vomiting the food consumed
-Obsession to control body weight
What is the function of bile in digestion?
To emulsify lipids into tiny droplets
What happens to pepsin when it enters small intestine?
It is denatured
What type of carbohydrate is found in abundance in liver cells?
Glycogen
A person who has a large part of his colon removed will be unable to ___.
form solid faeces
-Deliberate dieting
-Self-induces vomiting
-If untreated, may die because malnutrition
Suffering from ____.
Bulimia nervosa
Good eating habits:
-Eat___
-Reduce the intake of _____
-Eat more fruits and ______
-moderately
-saturated fats
-vegetables
Starch is digested in mouth but not digested in stomach. Why?
-In mouth, _____hydrolyses starch into _____.
-Enzyme in the stomach,_____cannot breakdown starch.
-Presence of _____in stomach makes the stomach an _____medium to stop the activity of salivary amylase.
-salivary amylase, maltose
-pepsin
-hydrochloric acid, acidic
A pupil eats too many oranges. Explain the effects of eating too many oranges on the digestion of food in duodenum.
-Acid in oranges ___the pH of duodenum.
-_____won't be functioning well.
-Digestion in duodenum becomes ____.
-lowers
-Enzymes
-slower
Explain the effects to the digestion of lipid if gallstones block the bile duct.
-Bile cannot enter into___.
-Lipid cannot be ____into tiny droplets.
-Lipid is not broken down by___ into glycerol and fatty acids.
-duodenum
-emulsified
-lipase
State the difference in the digestion of proteins that occurs in stomach and duodenum.
-Stomach contains ____, whereas duodenum contains ___.
-In stomach, protein is broken down into ____, whereas in duodenum, polypeptide is broken down into ____.
-pH in the stomach is___, whereas pH in duodenum is ____.
-pepsin, trypsin
-polypeptide, dipeptide
-acidic, alkaline
Characteristics of small intestine.
-Highly____to increase the rate of___.
-Has___all over its surface to increase _____for an efficient absorption.
-folded, nutrient absorption
-villi, total surface area
Characteristics of villus.
-Have____to increase the ____for absorption.
-Have thin walls which are___so that digested food can be ___rapidly.
-Have network of ___to transport glucose, amino acids and water-soluble vitamin efficiently.
-Have___to absorb ___.
-thin, surface area
-one cell thick, absorbed
-blood capillaries
-lacteals, fatty acids and glycerol
Helmi eats fried chicken for breakfast. Explain the absorption
and assimilation process of lipid in the fried chicken.
Absorption:
-Digestion of lipid produces ____.
-Absorption of lipid occur at ___.
-At ileum, there are villi which have___.
-Fatty acids and glycerol is absorbed into ____.
-In lacteal, ____of fatty acids and glycerol forms___.
-The lipid then are transported via___ into the bloodstream.
Assimilation:
-Lipd is used as a main component of ____.
-Lipid is also used as a main component of some ___and___.
-Excess lipid will be stored under the ____ and the surface of all main organs.
-fatty acids and glycerol
-ileum
-lacteal
-lacteal
-condensation, lipid
-subclavian vein
-plasma membrane
-hormones, vitamins
-skin dermis
Explain the digestion of food that occurs in stomach.
-Gastric glands in the stomach secrete ___.
-Gastric juice contains ___and___enzyme.
-Hydrochloric acids provide ____for enzyme reaction.
-Pepsin is activated and hydrolyses protein into ___.
-gastric juice
-hydrochloric acid, pepsin
-polypeptides
Explain how gastric bypass surgery can help people to lose weight.
-The size of stomach is ___to limit the intake of food.
-Food does not pass through ___and less food is ___.
-Most of the food eaten passes out of the body through ____.
-Less nutrients are absorbed in the ____.
-reduced
-duodenum, digested
-defaecation
-small intestine