Transport in humans and animals🧑⚕️
Why does a rhino need a transport system?
Because the total surface area to volume ratio of rhino is small.
How many chambers are found in the heart of a frog?
Three
What is the function of the tricuspid valves in the heart?
To prevent blood from flowing back into the atria.
X is a type of genetic disease where the blood does not clot or it clots slowly. What is disease X ?
Haemophilia
A victim of a road accident experiences non-stop bleeding after hurting his leg. What will happen if his blood is unable to clot ?
-His rate of heartbeat will increase.
-His rate of respiration will increase
Ali has a blood type that contains antibodies A and B. He met with an accident on his way back from work. Which blood groups is suitable to be donated to Ali ?
O
What are the ways to maintain a healthy cardiovascular system?
-Exercise regularly
-Eat a lot of fruits and vegetables
Pak Hamid who has been sick for a long time, is bedridden and has not able to move. Some of the parts of his body are swollen due to the excessive accumulation of tissue fluid in his body. Which of the following statements explains the condition of Pak Hamid ?
There are no muscular contractions to help lymph flow.
Blood vessel P :
-Wall is thick, muscular and elastic
-Small lumen
-Carries blood from the heart to the entire body
Artery
Mr Samy has a pacemaker implanted under the skin. He is not encouraged to carry out vigorous activity. Why?
Heartbeat is already controlled by the pacemaker.
A gardener experiences non-stop bleeding after injuring his leg while gardening. What will happen then?
Blood pressure decreases
Aqilah accidentally pricked her finger with a needle and the blood clot occurred slowly. What caused the blood to clot slowly?
She is lack of vitamin K.
K: Platelets clump at the wound.
L: Erythrocytes are trapped.
M: Thrombokinase converts prothrombin into thrombin.
N: Thrombin converts fibrinogen into fibrin.
The correct sequence is
K,M,N,L
What causes stroke?
Blocked carotid artery
Function of the lymphatic system.
-Lacteals transport fatty acids and glycerol from the small intestine.
-Lymph vessels return tissue fluid to the circulatory system.
What causes the formation of tissue fluid at capillary network?
A high hydrostatic pressure at the arteriole end of the capillary network.
When an excess of tissue fluid is formed and is not reabsorbed, the body tissues swell up. This condition is known as
Oedema
What is the function of sinoatrial node?
-Acts as a ___
-Controls ___
-It generates impulses to both ___
-It causes ___ to contract ___ and forces blood into ___.
-pacemaker
-heartbeat
-atria
-atria, simultaneously, ventricles
Describe how deposit of cholesterol/fats/calcium and thrombus lead to cardiovascular disease.
-Lumen of arteries are ___and blocked.
-Less ___and___is supplied to the tissues.
-Less energy produced by ___.
-Causes ___or heart attack.
-Heart tissues ___and heart stop ___.
-narrowed
-oxygen, nutrients
-respiration
-angina
-damage, beating
Explain why must blood clots on the wound.
-To___the wound.
-To prevent ___blood loss.
-To maintain blood pressure at ____.
-To prevent the entry of ____.
-This reduce the risk of ___ in the body.
-To maintain the ____of blood.
-seal
-excessive
-normal range
-pathogen
-infection
-circulation
Describe how the mechanism of blood clotting occurs.
-The wall of blood vessel is ___and the _____in the vessel wall is exposed to blood.
-____sticks to the ____ in the connective tissue to form the platelet ____.
-The clumped platelet, damaged cells and clotting factors in the plasma forms _____.
-______, in the presence of calcium and vitamin K converts ___ into ___.
-Thrombin ____the conversion of ____to____.
-Fibrin threads form a network that___over the wound trapping ___and___the wound.
-A blood clot is form to prevent further ____from the vessel.
-Prevent___from entering the cell through wound.
-damaged, connective tissue
-Platelets, collagen, plug
-thromboplastolin
-Thromboplastin, prothrombin, thrombin
-catalyses, soluble fibrinogen, insoluble fibrin
-mesh, red blood cells, sealing
-blood loss
-pathogen
Explain the differences between the muscular wall of left ventricle and right ventricle.
-The muscular wall of the left ventricle is ___than the right ventricle.
-Left ventricle needs to generate a_____.
-To ___blood to the whole body.
-Blood flows ____.
-To provide ____and____to body tissues at faster rate.
-Right ventricle pumps blood under_____.
-To ___blood to lungs
-To prevent damage of alveoli and blood capillaries in lungs, blood flows ____.
-Gives more time for ____between alveoli and blood capillaries.
-thicker
-higher pressure
-pump
-faster
-oxygen, nutrients
-low pressure
-pump
-slower
-gaseous exchange