VEd
Human beings are inherently social creatures and that our relationships with others define our nature.
Socrates
- true essence of man is his soul, making the human person in purely spiritual
being
- Liberate our soul, idealism
Plato
“rational animals”
- Body is an essential component of the human being and that the body and soul
processing intellect and will be expressed through the body
- Body and soul from single reality
- Human “substantial unity”
Aristotle
believed that God created humans with a natural inclination to seek Him which is essential after happiness and fulfillment
St. Augustine
Humans are unique creatures, possessing both material and immaterial aspects, dignity, and worth. “Embodied Spirit”
St. Thomas Aquinas
- human beings are the center and measure of the universe, and this view was not
based on any theological principles.
- “ I think, therefore I am”
- Lies ability to think
Rene Descartes
“blank slate”
- Experiences shape our beliefs and character
- Reason and experience
John Locke
Humans are fundamentally driven by their passion and emotions rather than reason.
David Hume
Human beings are naturally good but corrupted by society and institutions.
Jean Jacques Rousseau
metaphysical, epistemological
Emmanuel Kant
- fundamentally different from others due to capacity for self reflection and
self-awareness
- individuality
Soren Kierkegaard
Fundamentally driven by a desire, power “will to power”
Friedrich Nietzsche
“I thou” unique and valuable beings
“I it” objects or means to and end
Martin Buber
“thrown” into the world
“Authentic” existence
Ultimate reality underlies all things
Martin Heidegger
Body is not just an object
Active participant in perception
Martin Heidegger
free and responsible for creating their values and meanings in life
Jean Paul Sartre
human - political animals
Capable of creating and sustaining community through their actions
Hannah Arendt
ethical creatures with responsibility to others
Emmanuel Levinas
fixed entities with an essential nature but products of the historical and social conditions
Michel Foucalt
gender is not fixed or essential to a person but is performed and constructed through social norms and practice
Judith Butler
importance of ethical behavior and argued that living a good life involves treating others respectful and seeking to do what is right
SOCRATES
“world of forms” human existed in the world of spirits
PLATO
french “valoir” latin “valere” to be with, be strong
Verb - something important
Noun - quality
Generally - Moral Ideas
Sociologist - Rightness, Goodness, Desirable
VALUE
collective conceptions of what is considered good, desirable, proper or bad,
undesirable or improper in a culture
“Harambales” - “good and desirable”
R.K. Mukerjee - “approved desires and goals”
I.J. Lebner and N.J. Kube - “integral part of personal philosophy of life”, actions we do in life
Hill - “attached to certain beliefs”
VALUES
development of proper attitudes, values, emotions and skills for holistic development of students
VALUE EDUCATION
1. Declining values of the younger generation
2. Causes - lack of respect for the sanctity of human life
3. Breakdown of parental control of children in families
4. Lack of respect for authority
5. Seen through the brazen of the law
6. Total disregard for rules and regulations
7. Crime and corruption
8. Abuse of alcohol and drugs
9. Abuse of women, children
10. Money mindedness
NEED FOR VALUES EDUCATION
- Humanistic attitudes
- Significance value in life
- Guiding life in the right path
- Embellish behavior with good qualities
- Respect for culture and gratitude to parents, teachers, nation
- Balanced personality
- Protect, preserve and conserve natural, cultural environment
- Distinguish between good and bad, right and wrong
- Acquire intellectual wisdom, disposition
- Strong foundation for development of different values
- Train students to become responsible citizen
AIMS and OBJECTIVES OF VAL.ED
cherished and practiced within oneself without any explicit interaction with any other person
Personal Values
our association with others, related to neighbors, community, society, nation, and the world
Social Values
compassion, reverence, respect for others, health, love, tolerance, obedience, happiness, cheerful, commitment, empathy, mutual respect
Family Values
social order, tolerance liberty, gentleness, violence, love
Something pertains our culture and enhance our value
Cultural Values
common good, justice, liberty popular sovereignty
patriotism , equal diversity
Democratic Values
leadership, initiative, regularity, curiosity
Institutional Values
faith in God, respect for religion, purity, self-reliance
Religious Values
culture of society, way of life of its members, the collection of ideas. Example: hospitality, respecting one another
Socio-cultural tradition
critical and moral value
Religion
self control or regulation
Hinduism
Physical Development
Knowledge
Emotional
Social
Values of Development
Vedic period
Buddhist
Muslim
Akbar
British
After Independence
Period of Development
should not compromised
Differ from individual
Honesty, integrity, respect for elders
Personal values
determinants of behavior
attitude
first social organization
family
High standard moral behavior
Stress moral qualities in teaching
roles of teacher
Get along with people
Appropriate cultural values
roles of peer group
Shared beliefs, practices of human beings
roles of religion
storytelling, dramatization, role plays
methods of fostering values
lack of development of sound moral vision
selfishness, hypocrisy
value crisis
Moral and ideological order of life os established
Subjective, depends on personal group, educational, cultural, and social perspectives
hierarchy of values
The longer the value lasts, the higher it is
timelessness
The harder it is to reduce the quality of the value as its carrier divides or the harder it is to increase the quality of the value as its carrier changes, the higher the value it is.
Difficult to reduce or decrease the quality of value
indivisibility
higher value becomes the base for the lower value
Quantity other values, the value has its base
independence
the deeper satisfaction, the higher value, gratification
depth of satisfaction
the less sense of value is related to the existence of its carrier, the higher the value is. Value relation to its possessor.
absoluteness