Understanding the self
" cogito ergo sum" i think therefore i am
Rene Descartes
According to Plato the self is composed of 3 parts, what are those?
Reason, Spirit and appetite
Philosopher that argued that the self is a bundle of imperssions
David hume
For david hume the self is :
The subject of experience
Jhon locke believed that personal identity is tied to :
Consciousness and memory
Who? Contends the world has 2 characteristics, visible and the non visible
Plato
Socrates beleived that knowlege on the self leads?
Virtue
Platos concept of the self involves a division between :
Body and soul
Cogito ergo sum emphazises that :
The mind is the essence of the self
For descrates the self is primarily?
Body and soul as a unified whole
Aquinas beleieved that the ultimate purpose of the self is to :
Achieve happiness through virtue and union with God
Socrates is famous for the statement:
The unexamnined life is not worth living
Descartes is often associated with the concept of :
Dualism
Emphasized the role of God in undertanding the self
Thomas aquinas
According to socrates, the key to understanding the self lies in :
Inner reflection and dialogue
According to clifford geertz, culture acts as :
Framework for symbolic meanings that shape the self
Characteristic of the anthropological perspective of the self
It is seen as fluid and adaptable across different cultural contexts
The anthropological perspective view the self as :
Shaped by social interactions and cultural norms
Rites of passage in anthropology typically involve :
A transformation of social status and identity
The primary focus of anthropology when studying the self :
How social roles and culture influences indentity
In anthropology, this describes the practice of defining the self in relation to community and kinship
Communal identity
In anthropolgy, the social self refers to
The self as it relates to the social and cultura roles
They explore the self in the context of culture, society, and human, interaction
Anthropologists
4 key approaches of anthropologists
Symbolic interactionism, cultural relativism, post colonial and critical anthropology, phenomenological anthropology
Common ground of anthropologists and philosophical
Self is not a given but is constructed through various forces i e. Cultural social or existential
Contarst of philosophical and anthropological
Philosophers seek more universal or theoretical understanding of the self, while anthropologist emphasize cultural specificity and diversity
The self emreges through socila interactions, where meaning is constanly negotiated nad redefined
Symbolic interactionism
Anthropologists often emphasize the concept of the slef varies isgnificantly across cultures.
Cultural relativism
Explored how the self in many taditional societies is defined by relationships and exchanges rather than by individual autonomy
Marcel mauss, in his work the gift
Critiques western emotions of the self as overly individualistic
Post colonial and critical anthropology
Examined how colonialism and oppression shape theh construction od selfhool
Frantz fanon
Looks at the slef as experienced in everyday life
Phenomenological anthropology
Examinded how the self is shaped by cultural symbols, rituals, an dlanguage.
Clifford geertz
A sociologist known for his theory of the social self
George herbert mead
Accrding to who : the self is constructed nad reconstructed in the process of social experience and activity
George herbert mead
Not a static phenomenon, but continues to develop and change
George herbert mead
The self is distinct and it sets us apart from other
George herbert mead
Pionered the interactionist approach
George herbert mead and horton coley
The self is termed by coley as what as we are a product of social inertaction
Lookig glass self
3 pases of developing self identity or self concept accdg to coley
1st. Imgination of how we present ourselves to others
2nd. Imagination of how others evaluate us
3rd. Developmet of some sort of feeling fro ourselevs as a result of those impressions
What is crucial in cooleys looking glass self is?
Tartget of miperception. Developn identities based on incorrect perception of how others see us
The self, accrdg to mead is made up of 2 compoents the :
I and me
The part of you that exists in the world
I
The subject of action in response to :
Me
Me is the ; and i is the :
Object, subject
Stage where childfren imitate people around them and skillful in using symbols
The preparation stage
Stage where children play pretend to be other ppeople
Play stage
Most important aspect at play stage accdng to mead
Role playing
Stage where chikdreb grasp their own social positions and thbose around them
The game stage
Austrian neurologist and founder of psychoanalyisis
Sigmund freud
Clinical method for treating and evaluating pathologies seen asn originating from conflicts of the psyche
Psychoanalyisis
Freud's structural model to understand human personality
Id, ego, superego
Selfish part of us., concerned with satisfying our desires; illogical an cannot calue judgement
Id
Only region that is in contact withreality
Ego
Represent societies , and parents values, and standards, places restrictions on what we can do
Superego
Finiding reasonable explanatiosn for unreasonable or unacceptable behaviour to make them sound logical and acceptable " i cut classes because others are doing it"
Rationalization
Person refuses to accept reality or fact,
Denial
Unconscious blcking of unacceptable thoughts, feeling or impulses. The geo involuntarily excludes from cosciousness any painful thoughts, feelings
Repression
Attributing ones own undersired thoughts, feelings to anothger person who does not have those thouhts, felings
Projection
Revers to a denial and a reversal of ones felings. Negative or psoitive
Reaction formation
Channeling of unacceptable impulses, thoughts and emotions intop more aceptable ones i e, child want sattention will have to do well in school
Sublimation
Channeling of energy away from one person or object alterntice. Redirecting strong feelings to someone else
Displacement
What are 7 defense mechanisms
Rationalization, denial, repression, projection, reaction formation, sublimation, displacement
An american child psychoanalyst
Erik erikson
Known for his thoery pscyosocial development of human beings
Erik erikson
Couned the term identity crisis
Erik erikson
Father of american psychology, he was the frist educator to offer psychology course in the u. S
William james
The i and me by william james constitues 4 element of self whch are :
The material self, the social self, the spiritual self, the pure ego
Material self, social self, spiritual self is called : and these are aspects opf whart?
Me, the empirical self
For william james, it sis coceptualized as the knower ; the abstarct self personal identity
I
Regarded as the most eminet thinker in psychology. Known for developing the psychotherapy method called client centered therapy and for being one of the founders of the humanistic psychology
Carl rogers
Believes that we all own a real self and an ideal self
Carl rogers
In carl rogers : it is what we, the self feel most true to what er are and who we really are
The real self
It is the self that we want to be, that we strive to be, snd what we feel are expected to be. By carl rogers
The ideal self
English psychoanlyst, proposes that the false self decelops such as i e, wjen an infants emotional needs are ethier unmet or meet unreliabley
Dr. Donald winnicott
Dr. Donald winnicott. These are mask that we wear to survive difficlt conversations and to interact appropraitely in a wide variety of our interpersonal experiences
The real self, and the fake self