video lecture Q's
A condensation reaction that produces a polysaccharide is an endergonic reaction.
True
Which of the following is NOT a feature of ATP?
Inorganic phosphate
Hydrolysis of ATP is an exergonic reaction.
True
Which of the following is NOT a product of glucose oxidation?
oxygen
How many carbons in glucose?
6
The energy released by the hydrolysis of ATP is often used to drive unfavourable reactions forward.
True
Glucose is fully oxidized during glycolysis.
False
Which of the following is NOT a product of glycolysis?
NAD+
Where in the cell is pyruvate produced?
cytoplasm
Which type of fermentation reduces pyruvate, regenerates NAD+, and produces a gas in the process?
Alcholic
The matrix is the area between the inner and outer membranes.
False
The outer membrane (mitochondria) contains porins, which are channel that allow unrestricted passage of moderately sized molecules (like pyruvate).
True
Glycolysis and Fermentation both occur in the cytoplasm.
True
How many total NADH from one molecule of glucose after krebs cycle?
10
How many total FADH2 so far from one molecule of glucose? (after citric acid cycle)
2
How many total CO2 post-krebs cycle from one molecule of glucose?
6
How much net ATP from one molecule of glucose post-citric acid cycle?
4
Which has the highest reduction potential in the ETC?
Oxygen
What enzyme(s?) play a role in shuttling e- in ETC?
CoQ
Cytochrome C
Where does FADH2 get reduced?
complex II
succinate dehydrogenase
How many ions pump through ETC according to each substrate from one glucose molecule?
6 H+ FADH2 | 10 H+ NADH
What steps are in aerobic respiration?
Pyruvate Oxidation
Citric Acid Cycle
Electron Transport Chain
Chemiosmosis
Chemiosmosis establshes an ________ gradient
electrochemical
What is ATP synthase composed of in the inner mitochondrial membrane?
F1 particle
F0 particle
Alpha, Beta subunits
banana shaped gamma
How many hydrogen ions flow black into matrix to make 1 ATP?
3
Most macromolecules are polymers, made up of individual units called monomers.
True
Monomers assemble via ____________ reactions.
condensation
Which of the following is a product of a condensation reaction?
H2O
What amino acid binds to self?
Proline
An alpha helix, which is secured via hydrogen bonding, is an example of secondary structure.
True
An amino acid with a hydrophobic R-group would likely be displayed on the ___________ of a protein once it is folded into its final three-dimensional shape.
interior
All proteins exhibit quaternary level of folding.
False
Composition of a Protein:
carbon
amino group
r group
carboxyl group
hydrogen
What nitrogenous bases are purines?
Adenine
Guanine
What is the monomer for DNA?
nucleotide
What is a SIMILARITY between RNA and protein molecules?
Both are polymers, composed of individual monomer units.
An error in the nucleotide sequence of DNA could lead to protein misfolding, and possibly a decrease in protein functionality. True or False
True
Which of the following is true regarding beta-pleated sheets?
Secured via H-bonds between amino and carboxy groups.
What carbohydrate only ever attaches to lipids or proteins?
oligiosaccharide
What enzyme breaks down glycogen?
Amylase
Why is it impossible for humans to digest cellulose? (i.e. corn)
Beta glucose monomers
What are phospholipids? (part of the lipid bilayer in cell membranes?)
Phosphoglycerides
Sphingolipids
What are properties of unsaturated acids?
double bond
liquid at room temp
hydrogenated to turn into trans fats (longer shelf life)
ester linkage
How many fatty acid tails does a phospholipid have?
2
Phospholipids are amphipathic
True
What are some homeoviscous adaptations in cell membranes in response to temperature change? (*Hint pasta)
Increase/decrease saturation
shorten fatty acid chain to increase fluidity
cholesterol acts as buffer according to change
Which feature is true for sphingolipids?
Single fatty acid chain that is longer than those found in phosphoglycerides.
A membrane will be more rigid if it has many __________ fatty acids.
saturated
What type of bond is found between monomers in a polysaccharide?
Glycosidic
glycosidic
What's usually on the exoplasmic leaflet responsible for blood type?
glycolipids
In forming a glycoprotein, which amino acid uses o-linkage to a sugar?
serineor
threonine
Which amino acid is N-linked to form a glycoprotein?
asparagine
In membranes, lipids move but proteins don't.
False
Where are proteoglycans?
Extracellular Matrix
What do proteoglycans do?
fill space + protect against compression forces
How does pyruvate move from cytoplasm to mitochondria?
porins
What's the guardian of the genome?
p53
What signals macrophages to digest "vesicle" or fragemented cell in apoptosie? What enzyme moves it to the exoplasmic leaflet?
phosphotidylyserine | flippase
What's "good" programmed cell death?
Apoptosis
What triggers Apoptosis in the cytoplasm?
Cyt. C