science
cuticle
a protective coat that covers the leaves and other parts of the plants. it helps keep water inside and protects the plants from bugs, diseases, and sunrays.
guard cell
found in plant leaves, they regulate the opening and closing of the stomata
cancer
normal cell grow and divide in a controlled manner while cancer cells do that uncontrollably
normal cells mature into distinct cell types while cancer cells divide so fast that they dont have time to mature and become specialised cells
xylem
specialised vasuclar tissue that transports water and minerals from the roots to the rest of the plant.
pholem
specialised vasuclar tissue that transports sugars produced during photosynethesis to other parts of the plant
digestive (nutrient absorbtion)
digestive system breaks food down into simpler terms like nutrients and the circulatory system carries them throughout the body
digestive system (waste removal)
digestive system removes waste from food and circulatory removes wasted produced by cells (e.g carbon dioxide). these both help keep the body healthy
difference between cytokinesis and mitosis
mitosis is the divison of the nucleus while cytokinesis is the divison of the cytoplasm and plasma membrane which happens after mitosis
nucleus
contains the cells genetic material (dna) which carries instructions for cell growth, reproduction, and function. it acts as the control centre/brain of the cell.
gas exchange
occurs in the lungs where capillaries surrounding the alveoli absorb oxygen from inhaled air and discharge carbon dioxide to be exhaled out. the act of inhaling and exhaling is known as breathing while gas exchange occurs in the lungs
flower
the reproductive part of the plant
stomata
small pores on the leaves and stem that regulate gas exchange allowing plangs to take in carbon dioxide for photosynthesis and release oxygen and water vapour
metaphase
chromosomes line up in the middle of the cell. (metaphase plate)
cytokinesis
when the parent cell splits into two identical daughter cells. the cell membrane pinches in at the cell equator forming a cleft called a cleavage furrow
cell theory
theory that all living organisms are made up of cells. its the basic unit of life and crlls only arise from pre existing cells through cell divison
cell cycle
the cells left over from mitosis are called daughter cells that begin their own interphase and cell cycle
mitosis
the process of cell duplication
specialised cell
a cell that has a specific structure and function that performs specific tasks
digestive system
breaks food down into simpler, nutrients in which the body can absorb
circulatory system
delivers oxygen and nutrients to cells while also taking waste away, blood vessels carry blood towards and away from the heart
arteries
Carrie blood away from the heart with oxygenated blood
veins
Carry the blood back to the heart with de oxygenated blood
capillaries
tiny vessels with exchange of nutrients and waste occurs. They connect arteries and veins. Gas exchange occurs here.
what is most of our blood cells
capillaries
arteries branching away get?
smaller
veins that lead back to the heart get?
bigger
what do red blood cells do?
Carry oxygen
what do white blood cells do?
immune aid
what do platelets do?
help with blood clotting
what does plasma do?
carrie's nutrients hormones and waste products
what is climate
climate is the average long-term weather pattern in a region
what is weather
weather is the environmental conditions, (temperature precipitation) occurring at a particular place at a particular time
affecting climate (4 things)
latitude, elevation, air masses that flow over the area, nearness to large bodies of water
impacts of climate change
rising temperatures, extreme weather events, sea level tise, changes in percipitation patterns, ecosystem disruptions
TSMT
troposphere, stratosphere, mesosphere, thermosphere. (exo if needed)
what is conduction?
transfer of kinetic energy (energy of motion) between particles in contact. most effective in solids
greenhouse gases
water vapour, carbon dioxide, methane, cfcs, ozone, nitrous oxide
how are greenhouse gases produced?
produced by natural processes like carbon dioxide, but are increasingly produced by human activity
greenhouse gases with fossils
fossil fuel extraction and use oil coal and natural gas formed underground by once living organisms
clean energy sources (6 things)
wind, solar, biomass, hydro, nuclear, tidal
why is photosynthesis important for preventing climate change?
reduces the amount of carbon dioxide in the air (plants/organisms convert carbon dioxide into oxygen and sugars)
how does photosynethsis help with greenhouse gases?
this process helps store carbon and release, oxygen, reducing greenhouse, gases, and balances the earths carbon cycle
what are carbon sinks
anything that absorbs more carbon from the atmosphere than it releases (forests, oceans, soil)
global temperature
40 to 70% of all species are at risk of extinction if the global temperature increases by 3.3 Celsius
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