Genes and Evolution Test
Which sugar is found in RNA but not in DNA?
Ribose
The process by which organisms better adapted to their environment tend to survive and produce more offspring is known as:
Natural selection
An individual with two identical alleles for a particular gene is described by this term.
Homozygous
The process where an organism becomes better suited to its environment through advantageous traits is known as this.
Adaptation
State the enzyme responsible for unwinding the DNA double helix during replication.
DNA helicase
The jelly-like substance that fills the cell and surrounds the organelles is known as this.
Cytoplasm
Which organelle is responsible for protein synthesis?
Ribosome
Similar bone structures in the forelimbs of a human, a cat, a whale, and a bat are examples of which type of evidence for evolution?
Homologous structures
What type of bond connects the complementary base pairs in a DNA molecule?
Hydrogen bond
Identify the organelle responsible for generating most of the cell's supply of adenosine triphosphate (ATP) through cellular respiration.
Mitochondria
This organelle contains digestive enzymes and is responsible for breaking down waste materials and cellular debris.
Lysosome
Any permanent change in the DNA sequence of an organism is called this.
Mutation
Name the rigid outer layer found in plant cells that provides structural support and protection.
Cell wall
Organisms whose cells lack a membrane-bound nucleus and other membrane-bound organelles are classified as:
Prokaryotes
Random changes in the frequency of alleles in a population due to chance events, especially in small populations, is known as:
Genetic drift
The process of synthesizing an RNA molecule from a DNA template is termed:
Transcription
The primary function of the cell membrane is to:
Control passage of substances
What is the term for a change in the allele frequencies in a population over generations?
Microevolution
The study of evolutionary relationships among biological entities, often depicted in a branching diagram, is called:
Phylogenetics
The process by which information from a gene is used in the synthesis of a functional gene product, such as a protein or RNA, is called this.
Gene expression
Which cellular component is primarily involved in packaging and modifying proteins for secretion or delivery to other organelles?
Golgi apparatus
A specific segment of DNA that codes for a particular protein or functional RNA molecule is called this.
Gene
Which nitrogenous base pairs with guanine in a DNA molecule?
Cytosine
The flow of genetic information from DNA to RNA to protein is known by this fundamental concept in molecular biology.
Central Dogma
Different forms of a gene, often represented by letters like 'A' or 'a', are referred to as this.
Alleles