1.A
If the universe began with time, where must its creator exist in relation to the universe, according to Kalam Cosmology?
Outside the universe.
Kalam Cosmology asserts that actual infinites do not exist because they are considered what?
They are considered illogical.
What characteristic is attributed to the 'Unmoved Mover' in Aquinas's Way 1?
It is the source of all motion.
One of the two fundamental assumptions for Aquinas's cosmological argument is that the universe does what?
The universe exists.
In St. Thomas Aquinas's 'Way 3,' what does 'necessary' imply about a being's existence?
It is independent.
What is the second fundamental assumption underlying Aquinas's cosmological argument?
There must be a reason why.
What is the ultimate conclusion of St. Thomas Aquinas's argument about the cause of the universe?
The cause of the universe is God.
In St. Thomas Aquinas's 'Way 2,' what term describes the ultimate origin that initiates a chain of causes without being caused itself?
An uncaused cause.
According to Part 2 of Kalam Cosmology, what kind of creator is required for the universe?
A personal creator.
What is the general philosophical argument that seeks to prove God's existence by arguing that the universe must have had a first cause?
Cosmological theory.
St. Thomas Aquinas's 'Way 1' argues for the existence of what entity responsible for initiating all motion without being moved?
An unmoved mover.
What is the central tenet of Part 1 of Kalam Cosmology regarding things that begin to exist?
They must have a cause.
What is the initial premise for St. Thomas Aquinas's argument regarding the existence of a cause?
Everything exists has a cause.
According to St. Thomas Aquinas's 'Way 3,' what does the term 'contingent' primarily signify?
A state of dependency.
Kalam Cosmology suggests that the cause of the universe must have acted in what manner?
Deliberately.