INORGANIC CHEMISTRY
GROUP 1A
Alkali Metals
Inflammable air
Most abundant element in the UNIVERSE.
Hydrogen
BEQ
Lightest metal
Melting point 180.5°C
Lithium
For bipolar disorder (manic)
Lithium carbonate
Also known as NATRIUM
Triple Acetate Test
Sodium
aka table salt/solar salt
Sodium chloride
NaCl, KCl, CaCl2
Ringer's solution
Na lactate + Ringer's solution
Lactated Ringer's solution
Na lactate + NaCl +KCl
Darrow's solution
Aka baking soda
Produced via solvay process
Sodium bicarbonate NaHCO3
Washing soda Na2CO3 •10 H2O
Decahydrate Sodium bicarbonate
Soda ash Na2CO3
Anhydrous Sodium bicarbonate
Component of blood tube to avoid bleeding
Sodium citrate
Glauber's salt
Laxative
Sodium sulfate
For Cu sequestration in Fehling's reagent
Sodium potassium tartrate
Chile Saltpeter
Meat preservatives
Sodium nitrate NaNO3
Components of antidote for CN Poisoning
Sodium nitrite NaNO2 and Sodium thiosulfate
BEQ
Reduces lodine poisoning
Sodium thiosulfate
Std. for Karl-Fischer reagent
Sodium tartrate
Kayexalate
Sodium polystyrene sulfonate
Caustic Soda
Liquid sosa
Saponifying agent HARD SOAP
Sodium hydroxide NaOH
CO2 absorber in anesthesia machines
Soda lime
Antioxidants
Sodium bisulfite and metabisulfite
BEQ
Quantifies aldehyde in a sample using Cassia Flask
Bisulfite method
Gives umami flavor
Monosodium glutamate
Kalium
Most diuretics disrupt the balance of K in the body.
Potassium
Administered via IV drip or oral route.
Not allowed IV push/Bolus
Potassium chloride
Cream of Tartar
Occasional purgative "short term use"
Potassium bitartrate
Salt peter
used as Preservative
Potassium nitrate
Caustic potash
Saponifying agent SOFT SOAP
Potassium hydroxide
Pearl Ash
Alkalizing Agent
Potassium carbonate K2CO3
BEQ
First element discovered by spectroscopy
Cesium
Least electronegative element
Francium
Group 2A
Alkali Earth Metals
Aka "glucinum"
Most toxic metal
Beryllium
BEQ
Lightest structurally important metal.
Components of Gringard Reagent (R-Mg-X)
Magnesium
Aka "magnesia"
laxative and antacid
Magnesium carbonate
"Milk of Magnesia"
Antacid, dispensed in blue containers.
Magnesium hydroxide
Curing of Cascara Sagrada
One of the component of universal antidote
Magnesium oxide
"Epsom salt"
Cathartic (per oral)
Anticonvulsant (IM)
Magnesium sulfate
Clotting factor IV
Component of hydroxyapatite
Calcium
Prevention of osteoporosis
Antacid
Calcium carbonate
Both fast acting and can cause Rebound hyperacidity
Calcium carbonate CaCO3 and Sodium bicarbonate NaHCO3
Muriate of Lime
Electrolyte replenisher
Calcium chloride
Slaked lime/Milk of lime/Lime water
Calcium hydroxide
Lime
Calcium oxide
CaO + CuSO4
Bordeux mixture
CaO + Sublimed sulfur
Vieminck's Solution
Plaster of Paris
Surgical cost and used in dentistry
Calcium sulfate - Hemihydrate (CaSO4 • 2H2O)
Gypsum
Tablet diluent
Dihydrate (CaSO4 • 2H20)
Treatment of osteoporosis.
Strenthened bones.
Strontium ranelate
"Barus" - heavy
Barium
Used as radiopaque in contract media
ADR: Constipation
Barium sulfate
Isolated from pitchblende one
Radium
Group 3A
BORON or ICOSONAGENS
Component of borosilicate glass
Boron
BEQ
Borate + Methanol = green bordered flame
BORON
Borax for laundry and cleaning
Sodium tetraborate
Opthalmic antiseptic
Boric acid
Main ore: Bauxite
Toxicity: Shaver's disease/Bauxite fibrosis
3rd most element on Earth's crust
Aluminum
Al cobaltnitrite
Thenard's blue
Double salts of Al
K•Al (S04) 3 • 12H2O
Alum/Tawas
Top preparation for poison ivy irritation (TYPE IV Delayed)
Aluminum acetate (Burrow's soln)
For correcting hypercalcemia
Gallium nitrate
Thallos - green budding twigs
Rat and Ant poison
Thallium
Group 4A
Carbon/Crystallogens
Forms allotropes: Crystalline and Amorphous
Carbon
Hardest mineral known
Diamond
Crystalline
Diamond and Graphite
Soft coal amorphous.
Butiminous
Hard coal amorphous
Anthracite
Respiratory stimulant
Carbon dioxide
Respiratory poison
Carbon monoxide
80% He 20% O2
Artificial air
Widely used as semi conductor
Silicon
Major component of glass
Silica
TYPE I Glass
Borosilicate glass
TYPE 2 Glass
Treated Soda Lime
TYPE 3 Glass
Soda lime
TYPE 4/NP
General purpose/Non-parenteral
Mask the blue-green color of Iron in glass.
MnO
Decrease coefficient of expansion
Borate
Amber color of glass
Potassium
Increase refractive index
Lead
Polarization of glass
Rare Earths
Diatomaceous earth primarily made of silica.
Kieselguhr/Celite
BEQ
Polymeric dimethylsiloxane
Antiflatulence
Simethicone
Soapstone
Hydrated magnesium silicate and softest mineral known.
Dusting powder and clarifying agent
Talc
Native colloidal hydrated Aluminum silicate
"Soap clay"
Suspending agent
Bentonite
Native hydrante Al silicate
"China clay"
Adsorbent in diarrhea.
Kaolin
Kaolin + Pectin
Now: Bi subsalicylate
Kaopectate
Mixture of silicates from volcanic origin.
Abrasive.
Pumice
Semi conductor and used in optic fibers
Germanium
Also known as Stannum
Major component of alloys:
Solder - used for joining pipes and electric circuit.
Pewter - decorative
Babbit - bearings of machinery
Tin
Also known as Plumbum
Was originally used for joining pipes.
Highly poisonous, used for batteries and bullets.
Lead
Was used as sweetener for wines. Now for hair coloring.
Lead acetate (Sugar of Lead)
Goulard's extract
Astringent
Lead subacetate solution
Galena
Main are of lead
Lead sulfide
Litharge
Pigment
Lead monoxide/oxide
Group 5A
Nitrogen/Pnictogens
Azote/Mephetic/Phlogisticated air
Most stable gas in air.
Used in pharmaceutical inert gas in aerosol DF (Alternative Argon)
Used in gas chromotography (Alternative Helium)
Nitrogen
Nitrogen compound that has vasodilator effect.
Nitric oxide
"Laughing gas"
Inhaled anesthetic
Maintenance (fluranes
BEQ Sevoflurane - used in pediatric patients.
Nitrous oxide N2O
Nitrating and oxidizing agent
Nitric acid
Pseudo-alkali metal.
Used as a respiratory stimulant
Ammonium
"Hartshorn" / "Baker's ammonia"
Leavening agent.
Ammonium carbonate
Muriate of Hartshorn
Fertilizer and systemic acidifier for weak bases.
Ammonium chloride
Spirit of Minderens
Used in buffers
Ammonium acetate
27-31% w/w Ammonia (NH3)
Strong Ammonia solution
10% w/w Ammonia (NH3)
Diluted Ammonia
"Light carrier"
Phosphorus
P-poisoning
Antidote: CuSO4 (Blue vitriol)
White phosphorus
Graphite-like texture
Stable in air
Black phosphorus
Used in safety matches and fireworks
Red Phosphorus
Phosphorous cmpnd used as buffers
Phosphoric acid
Phosphorous compnds used as RA for metals
Hypophosphoric acid