3.4
abnormalities in the genetic material that gives rise to various lethal and non-lethal disorders
MUTATION
occurs in somatic cells that are passed only to the mitotic division giving rise to a localized mutation such as cancer
SOMATIC MUTATION
it occurs in the gametes that is passed from parent to the child and all cells of the child will carry the mutation
GERMLINE MUTATION
it means that the cell has one complete set of chromosomes
MONOPLOIDY
types of monoploidy
NORMAL AND ABNORMAL MONOPLOID
this is a product of parthenogenesis or meiosis
NORMAL MONOPLOIDS
have lost one entire set of normal diploid number and is rare due to expression or recessive lethal genes
ABNORMAL MONOPLOIDS
cell has two or more complete sets of chromosomes
EUPLOIDY
types of euploidy
DIPLOIDY AND POLYPLOIDY
it has 2 sets of chromosomes and is normal in most organisms
DIPLOIDY
have more than 2 sets of chromosomes, normal in plants, abnormal in most organisms
POLYPLOIDY
cell has gained or lost an entire chromosome
ANEUPLOIDY
types of aneuploidy
MONOSOMY, NULLISOMY, TRISOMY, TETRASOMY, DOUBLE TETRASOMY
it means it doesnt have one chromosome
MONOSOMY
a mutation where it affects females and it doesnt have X chromosome
TURNERS SYNDROME
lost of a homologous pair
NULLISOMY
it doesnt have one chromosome from the 2 pairs of homologous chromosome
DOUBLE MONOSOMY
one chromosome is added
TRISOMY
a mutation 47+21
DOWN SYNDROME
a mutation 47+18
EDWARD SYNDROME
a mutation 47+13 and dead in 3 months
PATAU'S SYNDROME
has a lot of x chromosmes and affects males
KLINEFELTER'S SYNDROME
adds one pair of homologous chromosomes
TETRASOMY
adds 2 pairs of homologous chromosomes
DOUBLE TETRASOMY