elimination (emily)
how can the body eliminate waste
through skin, kidneys, lungs, and intestines
the upper urinary tract consists of:
kidneys and ureters
the lower urinary tract consists of:
bladder, urethra, and pelvic floor
what is the result of unperfused kidneys
no urinary output
where are stretch receptors located
the bladder wall
what is the function of stretch receptors
transmit impulses to spinal cord- 2nd to 4th sacral vertebrae to stimulate urge to void
when food travels from the mouth to the stomach it is broken down into what thick semifluid
chyme
what helps transport chyme from the duodenum to the small and large intestines
peristalsis
what struture does non-absorbed chyme go to
large intestine
what colour stool indicates a GI bleed
black/red stool
what is the pathway of bowel elimination
food-mouth-stomach-duodenum-small intestine-large intestine
where in the body are water and nutrients absorbed
bloodstream
involuntary release of urine or stool can lead to:
skin breakdown and change in activities
what is urinary retention
when the external sphincter does not open to release urine
what can urinary retention lead to
back flow of upper urinary tract or dialation of ureters and renal pelvis
constipation is a cause of what consequence of bowel elimination
bowel retention
involuntary urination is also known as:
enuresis
nocturnal enuresis occurs in children of what ages
5 and older
when does monosymptomatic enuresis occur
only during night tine sleep
what conditions cause polysymptomatic enuresis
sleep apnea, uti, neurological impairment, constipation, stress
involuntary leaking of urine due to a sudden increase in intra-abdominal pressure is a symptom of:
stress incontinence
fecal incontinence can be secondary to:
fecal impaction
what is fecal impaction caused by
insufficient fiber diet, medications, lack of fluid intake or physical activity
what is a life threatening occurance of fecal impaction
colonic perforation
what is obstipation
inability to evacuate large, hard, concrete stool from rectum
what is secondary to constipation
obstipation
what diagnostic imaging is used to identify fecal impaction
KUB or CT scan
if there is free air present in the abdomen, what can be used to empty stomach contents
IV fluids or NG tube