Chaper 12 Psychology
Social psychology
how people affect one another
group
two ore more who interact and are interdependent in the sense that their needs and goals cause them influence each other
social norm
groups expectation of what is appropriate behavior for all its members
social role
shared expection in a group about how particular members are supposed to behave
gender role
is the role or behavior learned by a person as appropriate to their gender determined by prevailing cultural norms
gender role
the role or behavior learned by a person as appropriate to their gender determined by prevailing cultural norms
Stanford prison study
investigated the power of social norms and roles
Cooperation
is behavior by two or more individuals that leads to mutual benefit
Prisoners Dilemma
is that if a suspect thinks he can trust his partner he may as well betray him, but if they both betray one another they lose
Social perception
is the study of how we form impressions of and makes inferences about other people
Situational attributions
involve explaining behavior with the situation or environment
Dispositional attributions
involve explaining behavior with physical characteristics or personality
Fundamental attriuion error (FAE)
is the tendency to overestimate dispositional factors and underestimate situational factors when makeing attributions for other people's behavior
actor observer bias
occurs when we attribute other people's behavior to dispositions while attributing our own to the situation
self serving bias
is the tendency to make dispositional attributions for our successes and situational attributions for our esteem
just world hypothesis
is the people get the outcomes they deserve
just world subscribers
make dispositional attributions for other people's behavior when bad things happen to them
Attitudes
are evaluation of a person idea or object
Beliefs
are knowlege about an object or event
Cognitive dissonance
is disconfort that arises from holding two incompatible or dissonant, cognition
justification of effort efect
we value value goals and achievements more that we put a lot of effort into.
Persuasion
is the process of changing an attitude based on exposure to some kind of communication.
Yale Attiude change approach message sources
Credible and attractive sources are more persuasive
halo effect
we atribute positive qualities to someone we know has other positive qualities
Yale Attiude change approach messages content
Subtle messages and two-sided arguments are more persuasive
Yale Attiude change approach message audience
less intelligent audiences emerging adults and female's are more persuadable
elaboration likelihood model(ELM)
says the route we take to persuasion influences attitude change
persuasion central route
involves considering facts related to an arguments worth; people take the central route when the topic is personally relevant or important
persuasion peripheral route
involves considering things dont relate to the the messages worth like sources credibility or the number of argument made; topic is not inportant to us
foot in the door technique
involves sucuring compliance to a small request and then making larger request
door in the face technique
involves making a large request and then making a smaller request
Conformity
is changing behavior to go along with a group
informational conformity
occurs because the qroup is viewed as competent and having correct information
Conformity
is a change in a persons behavior to go along with a group
Normative comformity
occurs when we want to fit in and be accepted by the qroup