Midterms: PCM

what is language

a structured system

a human characteristics

innate

a method for communication

used by people of different languages

lingua franca

process of conveying ideas

communication

2 types of communication

non-verbal & verbal

a type of communication where in communicating it does not use of words

non-verbal

a type lf communication where in communicating, it does use of words

verbal

verbal communication

written

spoken

non-verbal communication

make use of body language

facial expressions

NON-V: type where in a movement that refers to the study of hand, arm, body and face movements

kinesics

examples of kinesiscs

use of gestures

eye contact

NON-V: type where it refers to the study of communication by touch

haptics

haptics: hand shakes

functional-professional

haptics: lovers holding hands

love-intimacy

haptics: friendly hugs

friendship-warmth

NON-V & V: type where it refers to the pitch, volume rate and vocal quality (it reinforce both type of communication)

vocalics

NON-V: type where it refers to the space / distance influences a communication

proxemics

NON-V: type where it refers to the study of how time affects communication

chronemics

NON-V: our physical characteristics and the artifacts with which we adorn (physical appearances towards others)

personal presentation / environment

it is how a person uses language that are guided by an individual's moral and values

ethics in communication

defined as the level of formality in language

registers of language

a proper communication

formal speech

a casual or conversational communication

informal speech

a register that means formal, less everyday conversation language

high register

a register that sounds informal, casual and often uses regional or dialects

low register

a type of register that language always stays the same.
e.g. preamble

frozen

a type of register that is the standard sentence syntax and uses complete sentence

formal

a type of register that is used between friends and family members; where in vocabulary is shorter and less complex

casual

a type of register where in formal register is used in a conversation; used by the professional in their designated fields.
e.g. doctor, lawyer, engineer and business man

consultative

a type of register used between lovers

intimate

the advant of technology brought the easy access of communication all over the world

global communication

it refers to a barrier that each person/speaker experience while speaking
e.g. sign language

physical barrier

it refers to a person's body and mind barrier

physiological

a barrier of language and understanding of words

semantic barrier

a barrier of how humans perceive or interpret message

perceptual barrier

a barrier how humans perceive or interpret messages based on their culture, norms and more

behaviors and beliefs

the feeling of one's culture is better than the others

ethnocentrism

an element of communication where the individual initiates or perceives a communication

sender

an element where the information is being delivered

message

an element that refers to the method/medium used

channel

an element where the person receives the message

receiver

an element where it is a key component in communication as it ensures that there is understanding

feedback

an element that refers to the place where the process is taking place

environment

an element that refers to the background of the interlocutors

context

an element where it is the hindrance

interference

model of communication:
• linear
speaker > speech > audience > effect

aristotle's model

model of communication:
• most basic model
• feedback is essential

>sender
>encoder
>channel
>interference
>decoder
>receiver
>feeback

shannon-weaver model

model of communication:
• any individual can be the receiver and sender in a communication

>decoder
>interpreter
>encoder

osgood schram model

model of communication:
> addresser - context, message, code, contact > addressee

roman jacobson model

refers to the interaction with people from diverse cultures

intercultural communication

leave of the message unspecified, to be understood thru context, non-verbal cues and between the lines interpretation

high context

expect messages to be explicit and specific

low context

when a brands fail to properly research and account for cultural differences in their advertising

cultural blunders

a blunder in religions

religion blunder

a blunder by identifying thru texts

contextual blunder

a blunder words that have different meanings in other countries

language blunder

language and linguists variant utilized by specific social groups

sociolects

derived from two words SOCIOLECT

social + dialect

is a form of a particular language that has been altered by the social groups

social dialect

types pf sociolect

socioeconomic status

age

gender

ethnicity

occupation

standing of a person in the society