Chemisty Chapter one

matter

anything that has mass and takes up space

chemistry

the study of the composition of matter and the changes matter undergoes

organic chemistry

the study of all chemicals containing carbon

inorganic chemistry

the study of chemicals that generally do not contain carbon

biochemistry

the study of processes that take place in organisms

analytical chemistry

the area of study that focuses on the composition of matter

physical chemistry

the area that deals with the mechanism, the rate, and the energy transfer that occurs when an organism undergoes a change

pure chemistry

the pursuit of chemical knowledge for its own sake

applied chemistry

research that is directed toward a practical goal or application

technology

when a society provides its members with things needed or desired

why should we study chemistry

chemistry can explain the natural world, provide career opportunities, and inform citizens

areas of research that are affected by chemistry

agriculture, medicines, biotechnology

examples of research in chemistry

crop production, productivity of food

production of energy,

microscopic

the world of objects that can only be seen under magnification

macroscopic

the world of objects that are large enough to be seen by the naked or unaided eye

biotechnology

application of science to the production of biological products or processes

pollutants

a material found in air, water, or soil that is harmful to humans or other organisms

practical alchemy

focused on developing techniques for working with glass, metals, and dyes

mystical alchemy

focused on concepts like perfection

tools we have because of alchemists

beakers, tongs, flasks, funnels, mortar and pestle

techniques we have because of alchemists

separating mixtures, purifying chemicals

how did Lavoisier transform chemistry?

Lavoisier transformed chemistry from a science of observation to a science of measurement

what are the steps of the scentific method

make an observation, form a hypothesis, perform an experiment, record the results

hypothesis

a proposed explanation for an observation

manipulated variable

the variable you change during an experiment

responding variable

the variable that is observed during an experiment

theory

a well tested explanation for a broad set of observations

scientific law

a concisde statement that summarizes the results of many observations and experiments

why are collaboration and communication important in science?

there is an increased likelihood of a successful outcome

two general steps for solving problems

developing a plan and implementing that plan

three steps for numeric problems

anaylze, calculate, evaluate

two steps for conceptual problems

anaylze, solve