Chemisty Chapter one
matter
anything that has mass and takes up space
chemistry
the study of the composition of matter and the changes matter undergoes
organic chemistry
the study of all chemicals containing carbon
inorganic chemistry
the study of chemicals that generally do not contain carbon
biochemistry
the study of processes that take place in organisms
analytical chemistry
the area of study that focuses on the composition of matter
physical chemistry
the area that deals with the mechanism, the rate, and the energy transfer that occurs when an organism undergoes a change
pure chemistry
the pursuit of chemical knowledge for its own sake
applied chemistry
research that is directed toward a practical goal or application
technology
when a society provides its members with things needed or desired
why should we study chemistry
chemistry can explain the natural world, provide career opportunities, and inform citizens
areas of research that are affected by chemistry
agriculture, medicines, biotechnology
examples of research in chemistry
crop production, productivity of food
production of energy,
microscopic
the world of objects that can only be seen under magnification
macroscopic
the world of objects that are large enough to be seen by the naked or unaided eye
biotechnology
application of science to the production of biological products or processes
pollutants
a material found in air, water, or soil that is harmful to humans or other organisms
practical alchemy
focused on developing techniques for working with glass, metals, and dyes
mystical alchemy
focused on concepts like perfection
tools we have because of alchemists
beakers, tongs, flasks, funnels, mortar and pestle
techniques we have because of alchemists
separating mixtures, purifying chemicals
how did Lavoisier transform chemistry?
Lavoisier transformed chemistry from a science of observation to a science of measurement
what are the steps of the scentific method
make an observation, form a hypothesis, perform an experiment, record the results
hypothesis
a proposed explanation for an observation
manipulated variable
the variable you change during an experiment
responding variable
the variable that is observed during an experiment
theory
a well tested explanation for a broad set of observations
scientific law
a concisde statement that summarizes the results of many observations and experiments
why are collaboration and communication important in science?
there is an increased likelihood of a successful outcome
two general steps for solving problems
developing a plan and implementing that plan
three steps for numeric problems
anaylze, calculate, evaluate
two steps for conceptual problems
anaylze, solve