PY1508.3 ~ {10% of the brain}
how can this myth be debunked
brain energetics
brain damage
functional localisation
brain energetics
the main source of brain energy is glucose. in the cerebral cortex at a resting state, ∼90% of the glucose is oxidatively metabolized to CO2 and H2O. 20% of glucose is in our brain (but comprises only 2% of body mass) so only 0.2% of our body uses the 20%
positron emission tonography (PET)
used to evaluate organs + tissues for the presence of disease or other conditions ( esp cancer + evaluation of treatment) PET may also be used to evaluate the function of organs, such as the heart or brain.
evolution argument (BE)
the body is now a well ordered efficient machine, and evolution would have dropped the supposed 90% that we dont use. so the brain wouldnt be as efficient + wouldnt function (even the body)
brain damage
because the brain is such a fragile organ, even the most innocuous injury can cause function to be impaired ( so if we only use 10% any injury would cause in paralysation of function)
brain damage pathways
disease - tumours
acquired injury ( stroke )
traumatic injury
paediatric posterior fossa tumour
posterior fossa tumors are predominantly seen in children with a peak incidence in the first decade. the most common presenting symptoms are raised intracranial pressure with headache and vomiting
PPF tumour
so this affects the cerebellum area of the brain, it affects your balance + coordination, so if that part is partially damaged why isnt all the brain affected ( locally its affected ) [you wont get motor function problems]
strokes
caused by a disruption to blood flow ( artery feeding brain may be blocked ) so the area affected becomes hypoxic ( due to lack of O2) futher highlights localisation of function in the brain
traumatic brain injury
there a wide variety of symptoms you can attain from TBI [alexia, dysgraphia + coma] - different parts of the brain have different uses and if you damage a specifc part its functionality is at risk
localisation of function
the brain is highly localised + damage in different regions causes deficits in different ways ( not like the whole body shuts down ) + you're never really using 1 part of your brain anyways
diffuse intrinsic potine glioma
an aggressive type of childhood cancer that forms in the brainstem. they are very rare and almost always occur in the pediatric population.
dipg symptoms
slurred speech + odd eye movements + difficulty swallowing + trouble maintaining balance + drooping of one part of the face.
weakness in extremities + headaches (worse in the morning) + nausea & vomiting.
brain lesion
“visible” evidence of damage to part of your brain. seen with a brain-imaging test, e.g. magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) or computerized tomography (CT). they appear as dark or light spots that don't look like normal brain tissue
achromotopsia
a rare, bilateral inherited retinal degeneration affecting all three types of cone photoreceptor cells that results in reduced visual acuity, photophobia, and severe loss of color discrimination
hemiachromatopsia
perception of bright colours [blue, red + green] as grey in one hemisphere of the visual filed and normal vision where they can see all colours in the other.
visual agnosia
an impairment in recognizing visually presented objects, despite otherwise normal visual field, patients can recognize objects using other sensory modalities.
face blindness
prosopagnosia - a condition where you have difficulty recognising people's faces
temporo-parietal lesion effects
spatial awareness + hearing + seizures + memory + language comprehension + apraxia
frontal lesion effects
motor function issues + balance issues + personality / mood change + decision making + speech
occipital lesion effects
impaired vision - prosopagnosia
facial recognition + visual damage + double vision
the journal of psychology hypothesis
psychology majors would be less likely to believe in this ten-percent myth than would control students with no training in psychology
myers (1985)
referred to the 10% myth as “one of pop-psychology’s most widespread myths”. Myers observed that most of our students report that they have heard of the ten- percent claim
Kalat (1996)
described the 10% myth as one of two common misunderstandings about the brain, along with right-brain dominance
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