Biology midterm
mutualism
beneficial interaction for both species
3 types of mutualism
1. Nutritional mutualism
2. defensive mutualism
3. dispersal mutualism
Problem with Lotka-Volterra model with mutualism
Unrelalistic
- no limits of growth for mutualism
- the more species 2 there are, the faster the species 1 grows
possible limits
- very strong intraspecific competition
- third species such as competitor or predator
- Diminishing returns to mutualism as the population grows
• Mutualism has a positive effect on population growth when population size is small and not when it is large
• Good when mutualist is far away from their carrying capacity but at the carrying capacity, there is no more resources left for population growth
host associated microbiomes
diverse commuities of microbes that live on or inside most plant and snimal hosts
Chracterisaton of microbial diversity in a host
1. sequencing-based methods
2. principle of component analysis
Metapopulation
a collection of spatially distinct populations that are connected via dispersal
Lewin's patch occupancy model
models the rate of change in patch occupancy over tine in a differentil equation
metacommunity
set of local communities linked by the dispersal of one or more of their constituent species
What determines the number of species on an island
1. colonization
2. extinction
3. in-situ speciation
Infared wavelength
short wavelength passed through atmophere
The effect of climate change to organisms
1. acclimate
- phenotypic plasticity
2. adaptation
3. migrate
4. extinct
Theory of evolution
1. living things change gradually over time
2. adaptations have risen through natural selection
2 meanings of adaptation
1. any trait that makes an organisms better able to survive or reproduce in a given environment
2. the evolutionary process that leads to the origin and maintenance of such traits
Macroevolution vs microevolution
Macroevolution determines the evolutionay relationships of organisms in terms of common ancestry in a long-term pattern
Microevolution is a shorter term studies that determines the particular microevolutionary processes responsible fot evolutionary change
- ex: natural selection
Why is evolution relevant
medicine
agriculture
environment
public doubts about evolution
- extremely recent understanding of science
- very personal implications
- violates literal interpretations of religious texts
Darwin's theory
- evolution occurs primarily at the population level
- variation is not determined by environment
- most fit type depends on the environment
- survival of the fitter
Changes causing evolution
1. mutation
2. natural selection
3. genetic drift
Adaptive radiation
the evolution of ecological and phenotypic diversity within a rapidly multiplying lineage as a result of speciation
- originates from a single common ancestor
- the process results in an array of many species over short time frame
- the species differ in traits allowing exploitation of a range of habitats and resources
3 features of adaptive radiation
1. recent common ancestry from a single soecies
2. phenotype-environment correlation
3. rapid speciation
Evidence for evolution
- antibiotic resistance
- strong natural selection measured in the wild
- genomic DNA evidence for vestigal traits, etc.
- advances in geology to estimate age of rock strata
Mechanism of natural selection
1. variation
2. heredity
3. selection
Who is A.R. Wallace?
co-discoverer of natural selection
Two basic ideas of Darwin's theoy
1. all organisms have descended with modisfication from common ancestors
2. the process leading to an adaptation is natural selection operating on variation among individuals
Who is Lamarck
- depended on the idea that over the course of individual's lifetime, you can acquire characters and then pass them on to your next generation
Why was Lamarck wrong?
- inheritance only by germ cells and somatic cells
- genetic information cannot pass from soma to gametes and onto nect generation
- states genetic information flows in one direction only but nexer in reverse
Patch extinction rate
The chance that the population occupying the patch will go extinct per unit of time
Source-sink population dynamics
When one population persists stably over a long period of time while nearby populations are not stable and can go extinct
Source-sink system
If emigrants from the stable population (the source) often rescue the other population (the sinks) from extinction
microbiomes
either all the microbes living together in a community (often, a host) or their collective genomes
• Bottom-up control
abundances kept low because of resource limitation
• Top-down control
abundances kept low because of predation
| Quiz |
|---|
| proteins |
| German |
| Furniture |
| Disney |
| derivativeslatin |
| law |
| Pelear |
| ♡♡ |
| prov tyska |
| Socialpsykologi tenta |
| EnglishVocabulary |
| RFI Ranges 200bb (GTO Wizard) |
| Taals |
| Meiosis & Mitosis |
| juridik😪bye |
| spanish 2 |
| OPTA 222 (Renal System patho and disorders) |
| nederlands begrijpend lezen 2 |
| notions de philo |
| Lvl 3 Specs |
| Privatjuridik successionsrättjuridik |
| Fysiskt stridsvärde |
| state nicknames |
| Film FranchisesHunger Games, Wonka, Paddington, ... |
| ak se2 |
| Minerals |
| ♡ Questions |
| Ordtest v.47 |
| patie 4 |
| ♡ ropa |
| religion chapter 5 vocabvocab |
| french - education |
| nederlands begrijpend lezen |
| partie 3 |
| Ropas |
| partie 2 |
| partie 1 |
| Science Part bPractice test/ flashcards |
| Chirurgie générale - Pathologies bénignes et malignes du foie |
| bokföring |
| Business Booklet A |
| Chirurgie Générale - Tumeurs de l'oesophage |
| microbiology |
| Business Booklet C |
| flashcards ECO |
| Transactions émotionnelles |
| Renal |
| Privatjuridik familjerättjuridik |
| Business Bookelet B |
| Travel- Booklet C&D |
| completed |
| Maslow's New Hierarchy of Needs |
| Business Test 3 |
| Booklet E- Types of outflows |
| Booklet E- Types of Inflows |
| Information and Promotional Service Providers. |
| Trade Associations, Government departments and Regulatory Bodies. |
| Metod Social Psykologi |
| Phlebotomy final study |
| le accent |
| Atomic Size (Pre-IB SC 9) |
| Hospitality |
| Canadian stduies |
| JROTC Inspection Questions |
| history of Generative AI |
| Leadership |
| English - Dracula Quizg7uu |
| MANICURE AND PEDICURE TEST |
| BIO Examen 3 |
| Reneasia Turnerspelling |
| Biodiversity |
| Travel- Booklet B |
| Travel- Booklet A |
| bio208 midterm 2 |
| nederlands ( woord- synoniem) |
| spanish grammer |
| physics |
| Journalism vocab |
| french word revisonunit 4 higher vocab |
| Förenklad arabiska Glosor |
| AS UNIT 1.1 BIOflash cards |
| Electrotherapy |
| Psychologypsychology 104 - |
| Produit intérieur brutquiz |
| Medieval medicine 1250-1500 GSCEKnowledge Organiser - Topic One: Medieval Medicine 1250-1500
Medieval Britain
Key Words
Superstition
A belief, not based on knovledge, but in the
Medieval Britain is the period between 1250-1500 also ... |
| economie globale |
| Medieval medicine |
| Chapter 6- Chemical reactivity and mechanisms |
| Frencv high frequency words |
| Elements columns 3&4elements |
| GEN-PSYC Test #5 |
| aardrijkskunde |
| Infectious Disease |
| History - WWII, Fall of Singapore & Kokoda -ajaks quiz for history |
| goat production traits, reproduction traits and structural traits that are best |
| goat production traits, reproduction traits and structural traits that are best |
| 7 physical and chemical changes 17physical changes is when something that CAN be undo for example tearing a piece of paper, u can stick them back together
chemical changes is something that CANT be undo for example tarnish forming ri... |
| chicken digestive system and egg production system, egg incubation australia, |
| MAWflash |
| Strange Cases |
| Atoms (Pre-IB SC 9) |
| 3x3 Blind Algs |
| Chemical Families (Pre-IB SC 9) |
| afkortingen |
| AIRLINE ALPHABET |
| MythsMyths |
| (IATA=International Air Transport Association) |
| manicure & pedicure testbased on pg 29 - 35 in mani/pedi manual
manicuring powerpoint
nail disorders powerpoint |
| EEN SELECTIE VAN BESTEMMINGSCODES VAN ONZE KLANTEN |
| OVERZICHT MAATSCHAPPIJEN EN HUN PREFIX |
| cambridge u1&2hoofdstuk1&2 woordjes |
| Introduction to Parasitology = MicroImm 2500 |
| Ions (Pre-IB SC 9) |
| Anatomy 101 Chapter 9 Muscles |
| Instudering vxl/el 2023-11-14 |
| math |
| dictionary - JPN |
| Tekenen beeldaspecten |
| Optics quiz 2 |
| Surgical Conditions |
| Psychology 1100 Quiz 2 |
| modul 6 mån |
| l'Europe des lumières |
| L'Europe des lumières |
| L'Europe des lumières |
| Cold war |
| Historytest |
| biologi systematik 1 |
| component 11-14 |
| geog 133-150 |
| duits |
| gezondspsychologie |
| britain cap |
| Math and ScienceEXAM |
| the man with the hoe |
| English |
| Vocabulario de la casa |
| Bio 111L |
| behaviour |
| maatschijpijkundemaatschijpijkunde |
| Written Impact drills - Primary and Assist (Land) |
| H9 lever |
| strategies - geography |
| micro test#2 |
| measuring - geography |
| characteristics - geography |
| psycology midterm |
| Endocrine System |
| Prof.prac |
| factors - geography |
| biology |
| history quiz unit 4 |
| What i love about you |
| Chapter 9- Stress |
| genetics |
| Embry |
| comptia a+ 1102 |
| Engels onbekende woorden proefwerk m1 |
| Crim 2P33 test 2 |
| Fatigue Management |
| Raag Specifics (This year + last year) |
| GS 1.2/1.4 .. |
| Media online content |
| the declaration of independence and the american revolution |
| anglais ds |
| Thaats and Raags |
| abbie |
| Biology |
| Extra vocab |
| EXTREAMLY HARD HISTORY |
| FRENCH TEST REVISIONREVISION QUIZ FOR FRENCH TEST |
| Structural Techniques |
| Budgetplan |
| school |
| History Test Prep |
| sociology family and households |
| Bio H36 |
| Week 46 |
| year 9 physics |
| Bio H35 |
| Words to practise |
| Spanska läxprov |
| ak |
| Bio genetics |
| Elanläggn omprov |
| Science - Universe |
| year 9 french |
| maths |
| Commerce - Work and Wellbeing |
| englishmeaning of words |
| german vocab 9 |
| Commerce - Promoting and Selling |
| Biology |
| frans |
| computing |
| Histoire dedinitions |
| EN4-1A responds to and composes texts for understanding, interpretation, criticok\ |
| SOPS |
| History - WWII, Fall of Singapore & KokodaKokoda, Singapore and WWII |
| math |
| MCU Film List |
| spanish |
| Science yr8 Term 4 part 3 |
| méiose |
| EXAM |
| méiose |
| biology |
| Biobio |
| Thermo Chapter 2 Energy and Environment |
| Directors' Films |
| 349 and 352 Excavator Systems |
| Portuguese |
| Obstructed airway - Unconscious victim |
| Raag Similarities and Differences |
| Protocols and Ports(TCP&UDP) for Servers |
| Secondary assessment |
| Insurance Exam |
| EMS exams |
| Voca |
| module 3: section 3 |
| physics paper 1 |
| PBE- 'Good,bad, right or wrong' |
| Olympics CitiesSummer Olympics Cities, since WWII |
| Ekologi 1 |
| english |
| psych multi-choice stuff |
| Nuisance to Defamation |
| change in state of matter -physicsincludes change in state of matter ,equations and so on........luv ya |
| No Time To Say Goodbye Proper Nouns |
| Tort to Trespass |
| english viet vocabterm 1 test |
| Section 2: Muscular System |
| Science Yr8 Term 4 part 2 |
| Science Yr8 term 4 Part 1 |
| Bio chema test of bio chem 9 |
| Biographies |
| 9.1 Hazardous environments |
| Best Director OscarYears when Best Director Oscar differed from Best Picture |
| SOPsStandard Operating Procedures |
| UESCA Running Coach Certification |
| Overload |
| Chapter 8- Weight management |
| cauaees of disease in renaissance period. |
| renaissance medicine |
| US Election LosersPost-WWII US Election Losing Candidates |
| EKOLOGI åk 9 |
| lecture 4 exam |
| HIS102 Term Test |
| ♡ comida |
| Community Leadership |
| Module 3: Section 1 |
| Engineering Materials Semester 1.1All content relating to engineering materials before reading week in semester one. |
| Female Reproductive SystemTest 11/10/23 |
| shapes of molecules |
| Inlärningsteori, psykodynamiskts, anknytningsteoris, kognitivteori, och dess teo1. En inlärningsteoretiker (tex. klassisk inlärningsteori, modern inlärningsteori och social inlärningsteori),
2. En psykodynamiker (tex. Freud, Erikson och anknytningssteori) 3. En kognitiv teoretike... |
| SSAT VocabI wanna go home |
| History Punishment |
| Tonåren från 11 år |
| Chem: Chapter 7 |
| Verplichte Arresten ARW1 |
| sci |
| religion quiz 3 |
| Shrutis |
| Sandhiprakash Raags |
| Chapter 2 Definitons The Expand of Trade Social |
| city state |
| vocab 10a flipped |
| vocab 11 |
| Physics |
| ITALY⁉️ |
| Spanish verbs .1 |
| Spanish verbs flashcardsspanish verb meanings |
| vocab 10a |
| Revalida Enfermeria |
| Module 2 |
| psycology midterm 3 - Copy |
| fixateur |
| gsh |
| industrial revolution and robert koch |
| Short story reviewshort story review flashcards |
