Social Studies chapter 8
World War 1
-Called the “Great War”
-25 million people died
-60 million Canadians were killed
-Believed that this is when Canada really built its identity.
How WWI began
-WW1 began in Europe
-Extreme feelings of militarism ruled the passions of the people.
Militarianism
The practice of placing a higher value on the armed forces and military goals than on democracy. A solution using armed forces is preferred to other methods of problem solving.
By 1914, Europe was essentially divided into two camps
-Triple Entente – Consisted of France, Russia, Great Britain.
-Triple Alliance – Consisted of Germany, Austria-Hungary and Italy.
Kaiser Willhelm II
-Germanys emperor.
-Wanted to have a massive navy to ensure German prestige.
-Wanted to challenge Britain’s Royal Navy
Archduke Franz
-Archduke of Austria-Hungary.
-He and his wife were assasinated in Serbia (June 1914).
Canadas role in WWI
-Canadian army entered combat in 1915.
-5000 soldiers died in the first week.
The Nazis were charged with the following war crimes:
-Crimes against peace – planning and waging a war of aggression.
-War Crimes – mistreatment of prisoners of war (PoW).
-Crimes against humanity – murder and enslavement of civilians, genocide.
-Conspiracy – this charge could be laid against anyone who helped in any way.
The Nuremburg Trials
-The Allies decided to bring the Nazi Leaders to justice.
-They were part of a long history of attempts to create rules for warfare and for the treatment of defeated nations.
-Meant to create rules for modern warfare. It stated that prisoners of war had to be protected and well-treated, and attacking undefeated civilian targets was prohibited.
Genocide
Any attempt to destroy a group.
Final Solution
A systematic plan to kill all of the Jews in Europe.
Nuremberg Laws
Jewish people could no longer vote, hold office, and most of them lost their jobs, and violence against Jews and their property was encouraged by the Nazi’s.