PHARMA
Antihistamines are also known as?
H1 Blockers
What type of receptor causes constriction on extravascular smooth muscle and nasal cavity?
H1 Receptor
Causes an increase in gastric acid secretion, which leads to peptic ulcer
H2 Receptor
What receptor do Antihistamines blocks to decrease nasopharyngeal secretions?
H1 Receptor
This group of antihistamines cause drowsiness, dry mouth, and other anticholinergic effects
First Generation Antihistamine
Has fewer anticholinergic effects and lower incidents of drowsiness
Second Generation Antihistamines
Also called "non-sedating histamines" and has little to no effect on sedation
Second Generation Antihistamines
All of the following are an example of Firrst Generation Antihistamines except:
Dimenhydrinate
Lorataddine is an example of:
Second Generation Antihistamine
Effective in treating Allergic Rhinitis and can cause Mucosal Dryness in continuous use
Intranasal Glucocorticoids
Results from dilation of blood vessels caused by infection, inflammation, or allergy and can cause swelling in the nasal cavity
Nasal Congestion
Which relieves Nasal Decongestion for a longer period?
Systemic Decongestant
Which decongestant has fewer side effects?
Nasal Decongestant
Which of the following drugs acts on tge cough control center in the medulla that suppresses cough reflex?
Antitussives
What is the protective way to clear the airway from secretions?
Cough
A sore throat may cause coughing that may increase throat irritation
True
This type of drugs loosen bronchial secretions so that it can be eliminated by coughing
Expectorants
What is considered to be the best expectorant?
Hydration
Select an example of Intranasal Glucocorticoids
Dexamethasone
Beclamethasone
What are the two major categories of lower respiratory tract disorders?
COPD
Restrictive Pulmonary Disease
What is a decrease in total lung capacity which is a result of fluid accumulation?
Restrictive Pulmonary Disease
What is caused by airway obstructions with increase resistance to airflow to lung tissues?
COPD
Which drug increases cAMP that causes dilation of bronchioles?
Sympathomimetics
How frequent should Anticholinergic be used in combination with Inhaled Glucocorticoids to avoid drug to drug interaction?
Five Minutes Before
The following drugs are Sympathomimetic except:
Ipatropium Bromide
What are the second major groups of bronchodilators for asthma?
Methylxanthine Derivatives
The following are included in Methylxanthine Derivatives except:
Methylprednisolone
This type of drug is the newest group of drug to treat asthma
LT Receptor Antagonist
A chemical mediator that causes inflammatory changes in the lungs
Leukotriene
Has an inflammatory action and indicated if asthma is unresponsive to bronchodilator therapy
Glucocorticoids
To avoid adrenal insufficiency when discontinuing this drug, what should a nurse do?
Taper the dose slowly
These drugs acts like detergents by liquidying and loosening thick mucus secretions so that they can be expectorated
Mucolytics
Mucolytics should be moxed with other drugs to have synergistic effect
False
These drugs are only used only if an infection results from retained mucus secretions
Antimicrobials
What type of drug should Glucocorticoids be mixed to have synergistic effect?
Beta 2 Antagonists
When taking Glucocorticoids, what should you do to avoid ulceration?
Take with food
What are the two major cerebral centers that causes vomiting when stimulated?
Chemoreceptors Trigger Zone (CTZ) and Vomiting Center in the Medulla
When vomiting center is stimulated, how does the motir neurons respond?
Contraction of diaphragm, anterior abdominal muscles, and stomach. The glottis closes and abdominal eall moves upward
The following are nonpharmacological measures for nausea and vomiting except:
Highly Carbonated Beverages
A 28 year old woman is at her first trimester of pregnancy. She is experiencing nausea and vomiting. What should you do?
Avoid antiemetics
These are prescribed for nausea and vomiting caused by surgery, anesthetics, chemotherapy, and readiation sickness
Phenothiazine Antiemetics
This drug suppresses emesis by blocking the dopamine receptors in the CTZ
Metoclopramide
Most commonly used drug for nausea and vomiting caused by cancer chemotherapy
Lorazepam