Week 5 - Appendicular Skeleton (Chapter 8)
The _________ is a slender, S-shaped bone, also known as the collarbone. Located horizontally across the anterior thorax, above the first rib.
Clavicle
The human body has ______ pectoral girdles connecting upper limbs to the axial skeleton.
Two
The ____ end of the clavicle is rounded and articulates with the manubrium of the sternum to form the sternoclavicular joint.
Sternal
The ________ end of the clavicle is broad and flat, articulating with the acromion of the scapula to form the acromioclavicular joint.
Acromial
The ______ tubercle on the lateral end of the clavicle serves as an attachment point for the conoid ligament.
Conoid
Each _______, or shoulder blade, is a large, triangular, flat bone located in the upper posterior thorax between the second and seventh ribs.
Scapula
The spine runs ______ across the posterior surface of the scapula.
diagonally
The lateral end of the spine expands into the acromion, which is the highest/lowest point of the shoulder and can be easily felt.
Highest
Number of bones in the appendicular skeleton
126
Bones of the upper & lower limbs plus bones forming girdles that connect limbs to skeleton
Appendicular Skeleton
The human body has two pectoral girdles that connect the arms to the main skeleton. Each girdle is made up of two bones:
The clavicle (collarbone) and the scapula (shoulder blade).
The ______ connects to the breastbone (sternum) at a joint called the sternoclavicular joint.
clavicle
The ________ connects to the clavicle at the acromioclavicular joint and to the upper arm bone (humerus) at the glenohumeral joint.
scapula
The pectoral girdles don't connect directly to the spine. Instead, they are held in place by muscles that connect them to the ______ and ______.
Spine, ribs
The clavicle has a weak/strong spot between its two ends.
Weak
Each ______, or shoulder blade, is a large, triangular bone located in the upper back, between the second and seventh ribs.
scapula
A ridge called the ______ runs diagonally across the back of the scapula.
Spine
The outer end of the spine extends into a bump called the ______, which is the highest point of the shoulder and can be easily felt.
- It connects with the acromial end of the clavicle to form the acromioclavicular joint.
Acromion
Below the acromion is the ______ cavity, which fits the head of the upper arm bone (humerus) to create the shoulder joint
glenoid
Each upper limb contains how many bones
33
Each upper limb contains bones divided into three locations:
The humerus in the arm.
The ulna and radius in the forearm.
Eight carpals in the wrist, five metacarpals in the palm, and fourteen phalanges in the hand.
The ______ is the longest and largest bone of the upper limb. It connects with the scapula at the shoulder joint and with the ulna and radius at the elbow joint.
Humerus
The humerus connects with the radius at the ______, a rounded knob on its lateral aspect.
Capitulum
This bone is on the side of the little finger and is longer than the radius. The top part has a bump called the olecranon (the elbow) and a smaller bump called the coronoid process.
Ulna
The olecranon (the elbow) and a smaller bump called the coronoid process connect to the ______ bone at the elbow.
Humerus
This bone is on the thumb side and is smaller than the ulna. The top part has a round head that connects with the humerus and the ulna. It has a bump where the bicep muscle attaches.
Radius
The ______ and _____ join at the elbow and at both ends. They are linked by a membrane that helps muscles attach.
Ulna, radius
Skeleton of the Hand:
Carpals, Metacarpals, and Phalanges
The carpus (wrist) consists of _____ small bones called carpals.
Eight
Scaphoid, lunate, triquetrum, pisiform, trapezium, trapezoid, capitate, hamate
the eight carpal bones
The ______ and scaphoid articulate with the radius, forming the radiocarpal (wrist) joint.
Lunate
In the forearm, the _____ ulna is on the medial side, and the _____ radius is on the lateral side
longer, shorter
The elbow joint is formed by two articulations:
the trochlear notch of the ulna with the trochlea of the humerus and the head of the radius with the capitulum of the humerus.
The pelvic girdle consists of _____ hip bones.
2
Each hip bone consists of three parts:
the ilium, pubis, and ischium
The hip bones, sacrum, and pubic symphysis form the bony _____.
Pelvis
It supports the vertebral column and pelvic viscera and attaches the lower limbs to the axial skeleton
Bony Pelvis
The ilium is the ______ portion of the hip bone
superior
The ischium is the inferior, ______ portion of the hip bone.
posterior
The pubis is the ______ and inferior part of the hip bone.
anterior
The greater pelvis is separated from the lesser pelvis by the ______
Pelvic inlet
The ______ pelvis surrounds the pelvic cavity and houses the rectum and urinary bladder in both genders
- The vagina and cervix of the uterus in females
- The prostate and seminal glands in males
Lesser
The _______ pelvis is the lower portion of the abdomen that is situated superior to the pelvic inlet. It contains the superior portion of the urinary bladder (when full) and the lower intestines in both genders and;
- The uterus, uterine tubes, and ovaries in the female
Greater
Each of the two lower limbs contains ______ bones
30
The bones of each lower limb include the:
Femur, the patella, the tibia, the fibula, the tarsals, the metatarsals, and the phalanges
The _______ is the longest, heaviest, and strongest bone in the body.
Femur
The ________ is a small, triangular bone located anterior to the knee joint.
Patella
The ________ is the larger, medial, weight-bearing bone of the leg.
Tibia
The ________ is parallel and lateral to the tibia, but is considerably smaller.
Fibula
The ______ tarsal bones are located in the proximal region of the foot.
7
The ______ metatarsals are located in the intermediate region of the foot.
5
The ______ phalanges are located in the distal part of the foot (toes)
14
The bones of the foot are arranged in two arches, the _______ arch and the _______ arch, to provide support and leverage.
Longitudinal, transverse
Bones of the limbs develop from _______, which consist of mesenchymal.
Limb buds
Most bones form from mesoderm by ________ or endochondral ossification; much of the skeleton of the skull arises from ectoderm.
Intramembranous
The _________ is the “elbow” part of the ulna.
Olecranon
The _______ articulates at the elbow with the capitulum and radial fossa of the humerus.
Radius
The _______ articulates at the elbow with the trochlea, coronoid fo ssa, and olecranon fossa of the humerus.
Ulna
The _______ is the most frequently fractured wrist bone.
Scaphoid
The ______ is the only tarsal bone that articulates with the tibia and the fibula.
Talus
The ________ is classified as a sesamoid bone because it develops in a tendon
Patella
The _______ and _______ form the proximal and distal radioulnar joints. Their bodies are also connected by the interosseous membrane.
Radius, ulna
The ______ ______ is the course taken by a baby’s head as it descends through the pelvis during childbirth
Pelvic axis