Bio Intro To Biochem
how many naturally occurring elements are there that serve as the building blocks of matter
92
all atoms of the same element have the same number of protons but the number of neutrons can vary
isotope
what's an isotope
an atom with a different number of neutrons
what is an organic molecule
something that is carbon based
what is an intramolecular force
a force occurring between atoms within a molecule
what bonds are formed within a molecule during intermolecular force
bonds with a molecules are covalent
what is a covalent bond
covalent bonds are formed when valence electrons are shared between two atoms
what is electronegativity
how strong the nucleus can attract an electron
what is an intermolecular force
it's much weaker than an intramolecular force and it happens between molecules, it determines how molecules interact
what are the two types of intermolecular forces
hydrogen bonding and hydrophobic interactions
what is hydrogen bonding
a hydrogen bond occurs between an atom with a partial negative charge and an atom was a partial positive charge
what is a stronger Bond a hydrogen bond or covalent bond
a hydrogen bond is much weaker than a covalent bond
what is a hydrophobic interaction
when nonpolar molecules interact with polar molecules they form clumps rather than mix because nonpolar molecules do not form hydrogen bonds
what type of molecules are hydrophobic (water hating)
nonpolar molecules
what type of molecules are hydrophilic (water-loving)
polar molecules
is an ion
when an atom or group of atoms gains or loses an electron it becomes an atom
what happens to water when it freezes
when water freezes it expands and becomes less dense so the Frozen part floats to the top allowing the fish and other species living in the water to continue living