Infections
Chain of Infection
Pathogen, reservoir, portal of exit, mode of transmission, portal of entry, susceptible host
Infectious agents like bacteria, viruses, fungi, parasitic infections. Can be classified as microorganisms. Microorganisms can be either resident or transient. Resident microorganisms live permanently on the skin without causing harm, while transient attaches to skin and is readily transmitted
pathogens
path that the pathogen leaves the reservoir on. Can be any oral/orifices or opening of the body. Released through sneezing, coughing, etc.
Portal of exit
organisms enter the body the same way they exit (through body openings, breaks in skin or mucous membrane)
Portal of entry
contact (transfer of microbes through physical touch) that's broken down into direct, indirect or droplet
Modes of transmission
degree of resistance to a pathogen. Infection does not develop until individual is susceptible to strength/ number of microorganisms.
Susceptible host
places where pathogens survive. Reservoirs provide food, oxygen, water and an ideal temp of 35-37 degrees
resovoir
4 moments of hand hygiene
1. Before patient/patient environment contact
2. Before aseptic procedure (wound care, sterile equipment)
3. After body fluid exposure
4. After patient/ patient environment contact
When microorganisms multiply & invade within the tissues of the body, which can yo unnoticed or cause damage to cells due to various factors such as metabolic competition, release of toxins, replication within cells, or the immune system's response to antigens.
Infection
Tiny, one cell creatures that don't have a control central inside the cell. They can make important stuff like DNA, RNA & proteins and can make more of their own. They need a living thing to live on/ in (a home) and multiply in. Can release toxins and harm our cells they can be inside or outside the bacteria. (Ex. Ecoli, c - diff, mrsa)
Bacterial Infection
Has genetic material packed inside a protein coat. They need a living host to make more copies of themselves can be quick or slow in causing illness. Affects the cells ability to make important proteins, uses the cell's resources to make more of itself (ex. HIV, hepatitis b)
Viral Infection
Part of this kingdom includes yeast, mold & mushrooms. Can be either single cells like yeasts, or can form groups of cells look like threads.
Fungal Infection
Typically infect individuals with compromised immune systems. They are found in dead material in water, soil and are spread by the fecal-oral route by ingesting food or water that's contaminated with spores or cysts.
Parasitic Infections
Type of infection will develop after beginning as one type and after an additional pathogen is introduced. Example - treatment for a bacterial infection because medicine can wipe out good bacteria, allowing fungi to take advantage of this and create another infection
Secondary Infection
Infection type that resolves in short time
Acute
Infection type that lasts longer than 12 weeks or is uncurable
chronic
infection type in specific body area
localized
Infection type that spreads initial site to other areas in body
Disseminated
Infection type affecting entire body
Systemic