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Heart test: heart structures and vessels and their function

Aorta function

main vessel where oxygen-rich blood travels from the heart to the rest of the body

Superior Vena Cava

returns deoxygenated blood to the heart from the head and arms

Inferior Vena Cava

transports deoxygenated blood from the lower portion of the body to the right side of the heart for oxygenation

Pulmonary Arteries

carries oxygen-poor blood from the heart to lungs

Pulmonary veins

carries oxygen-rich blood from the lungs to the heart

Chordea Tendineae

Thin strands of connective tissue strands that anchor the leaflets of each AV valve so that they cannot open into the atrium

Papillary muscles

attach to the cusps of the AV valves via the chordae tendineae and contract to prevent inversion or prolapse of these valves on systole (ventricular contraction)

Right Auricle

The right auricle is a remnant of the fetal right atrium that can relieve high atrial pressure by increasing the atrial capacity at times of stress, acting as overflow vessels.

Left Auricle

The left auricle is a remnant of the fetal left atrium that can relieve high atrial pressure by increasing the atrial capacity at times of stress, acting as overflow vessels

Atria

receives blood returning to the heart from other areas of the body

Ventricles

The right ventricle pumps the oxygen-poor blood to the lungs and the left atrium receives oxygen-rich blood from the lungs and pumps it to the left ventricle

AV valves

separate the atria from the ventricles

SL valves

to prevent backflow of blood from the arteries to the ventricles during ventricular diastole and help maintain pressure on the major arteries.

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