Heart anatomy part of test
What are the two circuits of the cardiovascular system?
Pulmonary (O2 poor B to lung) and Systemic (O2 rich B to cells)
What does the heart look like?
It's a hollow, cone-shaped muscular pump that is the size of 2 fists
Where is the heart located?
mediastinum (center thoracic cavity, between the lungs, anterior to the cerebral column, posterior to sternum)
What is pericardium?
membranous sac that encloses the heart
How many portions of the Pendicardium are there?
2- the fibrous and serous penicadiums
Fibrous pericardium
outer, tough CT
Serous pericardium
Inner, delicate, double-layered (3 parts)
3 parts of serous pericardium
Parietal pericardium (outer cavity), Visceral pericardium (inner surround heart), Pericardial Cavity (filled with serous fluid- friction is slow)
3 layers of the heart wall
Epicardium, myocardium (muscle), and Endocardium
The top two chambers of the heart
The right atrium and left atrium
Bottom two ventricles
right and left ventricle
What is the septum?
it separates the right and left sides of the heart
What are the two heart valves?
Atrioventricular valves (AV) and the Semilunar Valves (SL), both located between the ventricle and the blood
what are the parts of the AV valves
Tricuspid (right) and Mitral or Bicuspid (left)
What are the parts of the SL valves?
Pulmonary Valve (right) and the Aortic Valve (left)
Function of the Atria
To receive blood returning to the heart
Atria characteristics
thin walls & earlike auricles
Ventricle function
pump blood out of the heart
Ventricle characteristics
thick musceled
What is the cardiovascular system
a closed circuit including heart, blood and vessels
What are the types of blood vessels?
arteries, veins, and capillaries
What do capillaries do?
transport blood, nutrients, and oxygen to cells in your organs and body systems, it's also where gas exchanges happen
What do arteries do?
they take de-oxygenated blood away from the heart
What do veins do?
carry de-oxygenated blood (except for pulmonary veins)
Blood flow through the right side of the heart: Right Atrium.
collects oxygen-poor blood from the vena cava and pumps the blood through the tricuspid valve to the right ventricle
Blood flow through the right side of the heart: Right Ventricle
through the tricuspid to the pulmonary valve which opens and pumps the blood into the pulmonary trunk and pulmonary arteries
Blood flow through the left side of the heart: Pulmonary veins
carries the O2 rich blood back to the heart from the lungs
Blood flow through the left side of the heart: Left Atrium
collects blood from the pulmonary veins and pumps the blood through the bicuspid (Mitral) valve
Blood flow through the left side of the heart: Left Ventricle
the bicuspid valve closes and the aortic valve opens pumping the blood into the aorta which sends blood around to the rest of the body