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The Ideal Gas Law relates pressure, volume, temperature, and number of moles using which equation?
PV = nRT
A uniform mixture of two or more substances is known as a:
Homogeneous mixture
How many moles are present in 22.4 liters of any ideal gas at Standard Temperature and Pressure (STP)?
One mole
What factor generally increases the rate of a chemical reaction?
Increasing temperature
Which of the following usually corresponds to an increase in entropy?
Solid melting
Elements in the same group of the periodic table share similar properties because they have the same:
Number of valence electrons
The atomic number of an element is determined by the number of which subatomic particle?
Protons
The process by which an unstable atomic nucleus loses energy by emitting radiation is known as:
Radioactivity
If the pressure of a gaseous system at equilibrium is increased, the equilibrium will shift to favor the side with:
Fewer gas moles
When balancing a chemical equation, what quantities must be conserved on both sides?
Atoms and mass
A solution that contains the maximum amount of solute that can be dissolved at a given temperature is called:
Saturated solution
According to the Brønsted-Lowry definition, an acid is a substance that can:
Donate a proton
What is the oxidation state of oxygen in most common compounds, excluding peroxides?
Minus two (-2)
A chemical reaction that releases heat to its surroundings is described as:
Exothermic reaction
A molecule with a central atom and four identical surrounding atoms, forming 109.5-degree angles, typically has what geometry?
Tetrahedral
Which type of bond involves the complete transfer of electrons between atoms?
Ionic bond
A hydrocarbon containing only single carbon-carbon bonds is called an:
Alkane series
A solution with a pH of 2 is considered to be:
Strongly acidic
Which of the following is an example of a physical change?
Melting ice
Which functional group characterizes an alcohol?
Hydroxyl group
Which gas law states that at constant temperature and number of moles, the pressure and volume of a gas are inversely proportional?
Boyle's Law
The time it takes for half of the radioactive atoms in a sample to decay is called its:
Half-life
A reaction where two or more reactants combine to form a single product is a:
Synthesis reaction
In the chemical equation 2H₂ + O₂ → 2H₂O, the substances H₂ and O₂ are considered the:
Reactants
The minimum energy required to initiate a chemical reaction is called the:
Activation energy
Alkali metals are found in which group of the periodic table?
Group 1 elements
What unit of concentration represents moles of solute per liter of solution?
Molarity (M)
In a redox reaction, oxidation involves the:
Loss of electrons
Which intermolecular force is present in all molecular substances?
London dispersion
The simplest whole-number ratio of atoms in a compound is represented by its:
Empirical formula