problems with urbanization
1. Waste Management
Too much garbage for cities to handle, causing overflowing landfills, pollution, and dumping
2. Water Scarcity
Not enough clean water for growing population can be due to drought, climate change or old pipes
3. Gentrification
wealthy people move into poor areas, causing property values to rise, and the original residence to be displayed
4. traffic congestion
too many cars, not enough road space caused by sprawl and weak public transit leading to long commute and more pollution
5. Air pollution
caused by vehicles, industry and construction dust, which worsens smoke with heat waves and poor communities often suffer most
6. urban inequality
Unequal access to services(schools, transit, healthcare, and parks) rich areas equal better living conditions, whereas poor areas equal overcrowding and pollution
7. housing shortages
Not enough affordable housing, which causes rent to rise, homelessness, and informal settlements
urban renewal
Rebuilding old/deteriorating city areas-includes demolishing, new houses, and infrastructure upgrade (can cause displacement leads to gentrification)
Green cities
Cities designed to be sustainable and eco-friendly-sustainable energy, transport, waste, water, and buildings
urban heat Island
Cities are hotter than rule areas due to concrete trapping heat
mixed use development
Housing, shops, and offices in one area
transit orientated development
dense neighbourhoods built around transit hubs