inglese fonetica
What is the primary distinction between a 'tap' and a 'flap' according to some phoneticians?
A tap has a single motion, a flap has tangential motion.
How is a phoneme defined in the context of phonetics?
The smallest unit that discerns meaning between sounds.
What kind of airstream mechanism is used to produce 'clicks'?
Velaric airstream.
How are vowels primarily characterized, given they are produced without constriction in the vocal tract?
By measuring acoustic correlates of tongue position, known as formants.
What is the primary focus of phonetics as a branch of linguistics?
Studies how humans produce and perceive sounds.
Which of the following describes the method by which a language produces and perceives languages?
Communicative modality.
What does the phonemic chart visually represent?
Different sounds, showing how a word is pronounced.
What mechanism creates trills?
The tongue or lips are set in motion by the airstream.
What is the defining characteristic of a 'stop' or 'plosive' consonant?
The airstream is completely obstructed.
What is the correlation between lip position and vowel height/backness?
Front and low vowels tend to be unrounded, back and high vowels are usually rounded.
How are affricates described in relation to other consonant types?
A sequence of a stop followed by a fricative.
Articulations made with the front of the tongue are classified as which type?
Coronal.
The "f" sound in 'fought' is described as a labiodental articulation. What does this involve?
The bottom lip against the teeth.
In the process of language production, what happens during "phonological encoding"?
Words are assigned their phonological content as a sequence of phonemes.
What is the defining feature of a lateral consonant?
Airstream obstructed centrally, flowing freely on one or both sides.
How is "vowel backness" typically divided into levels?
Front, central, and back.
How is an approximant characterized in terms of articulation?
Articulators come close together, but not enough for turbulent airstream.
What does "vowel height" traditionally refer to?
The highest point of the tongue during articulation.
What is a sibilant?
A special type of fricative with a high-pitched hissing sound.
What do the two dots / : / after a symbol in the phonemic chart indicate?
That the vowel sound is long.
Which sub-discipline of phonetics investigates how various movements affect the properties of the resulting sound?
Acoustic phonetics.
Which type of consonant involves a turbulent airstream caused by partially obstructing the vocal tract?
Fricatives.
What is the key difference between voiced and unvoiced consonants?
Voiced consonants involve vibrating vocal cords, unvoiced do not.
What is the name for sounds produced by a full or partial constriction of the vocal tract?
Consonants.
What is the minimal linguistic unit of phonetics that represents a single speech sound in a language?
A phone.