philosophy perspective in understanding education
_&_ are closely inter-related and inter-dependent. _ point out the ways and education follow it. Without philosophy, education would be a blind effort and without education, philosophy would be crippled.
Philosophy and education
Philosophy
In the word of Ross, “philosophy and education are two side of same coin; the former is the _ while the latter is the _
contemplative side
active side.
philosophical perspective
Educational Philosophy addresses fundamental questions:
_ – Defining aims and purposes.
_– Understanding the child.
_– The role of the teacher.
_ – The school’s role.
_ – Designing the curriculum.
_ – Choosing effective methods.
_ – Considering motivation and timing.
Why educate
Whom to educate
Who educates
Where to educate
What to educate
How to educate
When to educate
philosophy is derived from the greek word _ meaning _ and _ meaning _
philo -love
sofia- wisdom
philosophy is the _
education is the _
knowledge
action
teacher-centered philosophies
Focuses on core academic knowledge, skills, and character development.
Emphasizes traditional values: respect, perseverance, duty, and consideration for others.
Curriculum includes subjects like math, science, history, literature, and foreign language.
Students must master foundational knowledge and skills before advancing.
Content progresses to more complex concepts over time.
ESSENTIALISM
teacher-centered philosophies
it focuses on "basic" skills, essential, core foundation
essentialism
teacher-centered philosophies
is a teacher-centered educational philosophy that focuses on everlasting ideas and universal truths learned from art, history, and literature. They believe the ideas are as relevant and meaningful today as when they were written. They recommend that students learn from reading and analyzing the works by history's finest thinkers and writers.
perennialism
teacher-centered philosophies
"everlasting" "forever" it uses at the knowledge from the past like the bible
perennialism
teacher-centered philosophies
Role of Teacher – _ is a teacher-centered philosophy, in which the teacher is less concerned with student interest and more concerned with transferring knowledge from older generations to younger generations. The teacher will focus on the importance of reading and will often use the underlying reading lessons to make a moral point. Teachers use history, religion, literature, and the laws of science to reinforce universal ideas that have the potential to solve any problem in any era.
Perennialism
learner centered philosophies
focuses on the whole child and emphasizes active learning through experimentation and real-world experiences. Students are problem solvers who learn by doing, guided by their interests and questions. Teachers use the scientific method to foster critical thinking, collaboration, and democratic values.
Progressivism
learner-centered philosophies
"progress" learning by doing ,"process"
progressivism
learner-centered philosophies
The humanistic learning theory was developed by _,_,&_ in the early 1900's. This perspective states that students should be able to choose what they want to learn. Humanistic teachers believe that students will be motivated to learn a subject if it's something they need and want to know. This also reiterates that the goal of education should be to foster students' desire to learn and that teachers are there to teach them how to learn.
HUMANISM
Abraham Maslow, Carl Rogers, and James F. T. Bugental
learner-centered philosophies
individuality, the freedom to express themselves
humanism
learner-centered philosophies
Students should be self-motivated in their studies and desire to learn on their own. Humanistic educators believe that both feelings and knowledge are important to the learning process. Unlike traditional educators, humanistic teachers do not separate the cognitive and affective domains.
HUMANISM
learner-centered philosophies
emphasizes that learners create meaning and knowledge through their own experiences. It encourages active interaction among students, teachers, and peers, linking prior knowledge with new information. This learner-centered approach fosters exploration, discovery, and lifelong learning.
CONSTRUCTIVISM
learner centered philosophies
_ is often cited as the philosophical founder of this approach
_&_ are considered among the chief theorists cognitive constructivists.
_ is among the social constructivists.
CONSTRUCTIVISM
John Dewey (1933/1998)
Jerome Bruner (1990) and Jean Piaget (1972)
Lev Vygotsky (1978)
learner centered philosophies
it is creating experiences through social interaction
creating new meaning through experience
zpd kindergarten to grade three, 3 Rs
constructivism
dimensions of learner centered teaching
_ includes building a knowledge base, how the instructor and the students use the content.
essential component- Level to which students engage content.
instructor centered approach- Instructor allows students to memorize content.
learner centered approach- Instructor encourages students to transform and reflect on most the content to make their own meaning out of it.
the function of content
dimensions of learning centered teaching
An essential role of the instructor is to assist students to learn.
_- Instructors use teaching and learning methods appropriate for student learning goals.
Instructor-centered approach - Does not have specific learning goals and/or; Uses teaching and learning methods that conflict with learning goals
Learner-centered approach - Instructor intentionally uses various teaching and learning methods that are appropriate for student learning goals.
the role of the instructor
dimensions of student centered teaching
Students should assume greater responsibility for their own learning over time.
Essential component - Responsibility for learning should rest with the students.
Instructor-centered approach - Instructor assumes all responsibility for students learning (provides content to memorize, does not require students to create their own meaning of content, tells students exactly what will be on examinations).
Learner-centered approach - Instructor provides increasing opportunities for students to assume responsibility for their own learning, leading to achievement of stated learning objectives.
responsibility for teaching
the dimensions of learner centered teaching
Definition - There are additional purposes and processes of assessment beyond assigning grades.
Essential component - Formative assessment (giving feedback to foster improvement.
Instructor-centered approach - Uses only summative assessment (to make decisions to assign grades); Provide students with no constructive feedback
Learner-centered approach - Consistently throughout the learning process, instructor integrate Formative assessment and Constructive feedback
purposes and processes of assessment
the dimensions of learner centered teaching
the balance of power
- The balance of power shifts so that the instructor shares some decisions about the course with the students
Essential component - Flexibility of course policies, assessment methods, learning methods, and deadlines.
Instructor-centered approach - Instructor mandates all policies and deadlines. or Instructor does not adhere to policies.
Learner-centered approach - Instructor is flexible on most:
Course policies
Assessment methods
Learning methods
the balance of power
this kind of assessment happens at the beginning and during discussion
formative assessment
this kind of assessment happens at the end of the discussion
summative assessment
_, its leading advocate, believed schools should promote freedom and prepare students for active citizenship.
Progressivism
John Dewey